408 MUSCLES. 



The Semi-spinalis Dorsi, 



Is lower down on the spine, and with difficulty distinguished 

 from the multifidus: like the last, it passes from transverse to 

 spinous processes. It lies under the longissimus dorsi, between 

 it and the multifidus. 



This muscle arises by tendons connected with those of the 

 other muscles, from the transverse processes of the seventh, 

 eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebra?; and passes upwards 

 obliquely, to be inserted, tendinous, into the sides of the spinous 

 processes of the two lower cervical, and of the five upper dor- 

 sal vertebras. 



It draws the spine obliquely backwards. 



The Multifidus Spines, 



Lies under the muscles as yet mentioned, close to the bones 

 of the spine; in order to see it well, they, therefore, should all 

 be cut away. 



It has its commencement, tendinous and fleshy, on the back 

 of the sacrum, being connected to its spinous processes and 

 posterior surface, also to the back part of the spine of the ilium. 

 It there forms a belly, of sufficient magnitude to fill up much 

 of the cavity between the spinous processes of the sacrum and 

 the posterior part of the ilium. It arises also from the roots of 

 the oblique and transverse processes of all the vertebra? of the 

 loins, of the back, and of the four inferior of the neck. 



The multifidus is inserted, tendinous and fleshy, into the roots 

 and sides of the spinous processes of all the vertebrcc of the 

 loins, of the back, and of the five inferior of the neck. 



This muscle consists of a great number of small bellies, 

 which are parallel to each other, and each of which arises 

 from a transverse or oblique process, and goes to the spinous 

 process either of the first or second vertebra above it. 



It twists the spine backwards, and keeps it erect. 



Between the head and the first and second vertebra), and be- 

 tween the two latter, there are on either side four small mus- 



