MUCOUS COVERING OF THE TONGUE. 495 



cellular tissue there, and advances to the tip between the liyo- 

 glossus and the genio-hyo-glossus. 



5. The Superficial Lingual Muscle (Superficialis Linguce) is 

 a broad, thin layer, covering the upper surface of the tongue, 

 below the mucous membrane; it begins behind, on a line with 

 the greater papillas, and advances forwards to the tip. Its more 

 internal fibres converge and end at the middle line, but the ex- 

 ternal ones terminate above and below, near the margin of the 

 tongue. 



6. The Transverse Lingual Muscles (Transver sales Lingua,} 

 consist in small scattered fasciculi, which are placed below the 

 last, and in the thickness of the tongue, which they traverse at 

 right angles. One end of them, on each side, ceases at the mid- 

 dle line of the tongue, where there is a small seam, and the 

 other end terminates in the covering membrane of the tongue, 

 at the lateral margin of this organ. These fibres are to be 

 found in the whole length of the tongue, and gradually become 

 more curved at its base. 



7. The Vertical Lingual Muscles (Verticales Linguce) extend 

 from the upper to the under investing membrane of the tongue. 

 They consist in small scattered fasciculi, like the preceding, 

 and cross them at right angles in traversing the thickness of 

 the tongue.* Many of these fibres appear to me to proceed 

 from the genio-hyo-glossus. 



SECT. II. MUCOUS COVERING OF THE TONGUE. 



The mucous membrane of the mouth, where it forms the fra3- 

 num linguas, is over the anterior margin of genio-hyo-glossi 

 muscles; the same membrane, in going from the base of the 

 tongue to the epiglottis, and forming another frasnum, has, on 

 each side of it, a depression or pouch in which articles of food 

 sometimes lodge. Beneath the last fraenum is a ligamentous 

 tissue which runs to the base of the tongue from the front of 

 the epiglottis, and serves to keep the latter erect: some mus- 



* The preceding views of the minute muscular structure of the tongue have 

 lately been advanced by M. Gerdy, of Paris. See J. Cloquet, Anat. de L'Homme, 

 pi. CXIX. CXX. J, F. Meckel, loc. cit. Note des Traducteurs, vol. iii. p. 313. 



