THE APPLE 59 



growth, where each secretes a scale and develops. 

 Some of them wander to the leaves and fruit, where 

 they mature. The infested leaves turn brown, but 

 do not have a tendency to fall as a result of the 

 damage. 



This pest is most likely to be introduced into new 

 localities upon nursery stock imported from infested 

 regions. This is believed to be the way in which it 

 was first brought to the eastern states. It is also likely 

 to be carried upon fruit sent to market. In a given 

 locality the insects are most likely to be carried from 

 tree to tree and orchard to orchard by the young lice 

 crawling upon insects and birds and then crawling off 

 after they have lit upon other trees. They may also 

 be blown about by the wind. 



Remedies The two remedies now generally 

 employed in the eastern states are kerosene or crude 

 petroleum and the lime, salt and sulphur wash. The 

 latter has been rapidly gaining friends of late and by 

 many authorities is considered the most effective 

 remedy. Both of these insecticides are applied in 

 winter or early spring before the leaves appear. The 

 application must be thorough covering all parts of 

 the tree. 



A piece of bark covered with the scales of the 

 OYSTER-SHELL BARK-LOUSE is represented on page 60. 

 If one of these scales be raised early in the spring, 

 there will be found beneath it a mass of yellowish 

 or whitish eggs, which hatch about the middle of 

 May into small lice, that appear as mere specks 

 to the naked eye. These move about over the 

 bark a few days, when they fix themselves upon it, 

 inserting their tiny beaks far enough to reach the sap. 

 Here they continue to increase in size, and by the 

 end of the season have secreted scaly coverings. 



