THE APPLE 67 



continue breeding until autumn, when they return to 

 apple, and the winged females establish colonies of 

 the wingless, egg-laying form upon the leaves. The 

 small, oval eggs are now laid on the twigs and buds, 

 and the cycle for the year is complete. 



Remedy On large trees it is seldom necessary 

 to apply remedies for this insect. Spray with tobacco 

 decoction or kerosene emulsion as soon in spring as 

 the eggs hatch usually before the leaves expand. 



The opening buds of apples are sometimes seri- 

 ously injured by the larva of the EYE-SPOTTED BUD- 

 MOTH. This is a small cylindrical worm, three- 

 fourths of an inch long, which lives in a rude case 

 made by fastening particles of dead leaves together 

 with silk. It attacks the buds, blossoms, and newly - 

 formed fruit as well as the leaves, and becomes full- 

 grown early in June. The larvae then pupate within 

 their cases, and in a few weeks emerge as small moths, 

 with two little eye-spots on each of the front wings. 



Remedies This is a difficult pest to contend with, 

 and the most promising remedy is to spray early, as 

 the buds are opening, with arsenate of lead or other 

 arsenical or a combination of an arsenical and the 

 Bordeaux mixture, continuing the treatment later as 

 recommended below. 



FUNGUS ENEMIES 



Probably no fungous disease of fruit is more 

 familiar to the general public than the APPLE SCAB, 

 or, as it is occasionally called, the BLACK SPOT. This is 

 due to a fungus which produces the well-known scabby 

 spots upon the fruit, and also attacks the leaves and 

 green shoots. It first appears on the leaves in the 

 shape of smoky, greenish spots, more or less circular 

 in outline. These gradually enlarge, and frequently 

 several of them run together, so as to form good-sized 



