KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND GENERA 



AAA. Fr. composed of I to several carpels, 

 which are crowded or connate in a 

 ring, each with a style, baccate, cori- 

 aceous or aamaroid ; ovule not ortho- 

 tropous; embryo coiled: stamens 

 hypogynous; perianth herbaceous or 

 coriaceous, rarely membranous 148. PHYTOLACCACE<E. 



AAAA. Fr. an achene, triangular or lens- 

 shaped; style branched or styles 2-3; 

 ovule orthotropous; embryo straight: 

 perianth herbaceous, membranous or 

 colored, rarely adherent to base of 

 ovary: usually a stiputar sheath at 

 each If.-node 149. POLYGONACEJJ. 



Series 2. MrJunovuLAT^ TERRESTREB. Terrestrial herbs or 

 shrubs, often climbers : ovary syncarpous ; ovules in each cell or on, 

 each placenta numerous. 



A. Fls. dioecious; ovary superior: Ivs. 



bearing tendrils and pitchers 150. NEPENTHACE.E. 



AA. Fls. bisexual; ovary inferior: Ivs. with- 

 out tendrils and pitchers 151. ABI8TOLOCHIA- 



ICEJE. 



Series 3. MICREMBRYE.E. Ovary syncarpous, monocarpous or 

 apocarpous; ovules solitary for each carpel, rarely 2 or few; endos- 

 perm copious, fleshy or mealy; embryo minute. 



A. Perianth 0. 



11. Lvs. alternate: carpels 3-4: ovules 2 



to several : stamens 3-6 152. SAURUR ACE.E. 



BB. Lvs. alternate, rarely opposite or 

 whorled: carpel 1: ovule 1, basal: 



stamens 2^ 153. PIPERACEJS. 



BBS. Lvs. opposite: carpel 1: ovule 1, 



pendent : stamens 1-3 154. CHLORANTHACE.E. 



AA. Perianth calyx-like. 



B. Carpel solitary: perianth of 3 parts, 



connate 155. MYRISTICACB.B. 



BB. Carpels several, together with the 

 stamens scattered over the face of 

 the cup-shaped receptacle 156. MONIMIACE.E. 



Series 4. DAPHNES. Ovary monocarpous, 1-celled, rarely syn- 

 carpous with 2-4 cells; ovules solitary, or twin and side by side in 

 the ovary or in each cell, rarely a few pairs superposed. 



A. Radicle superior; ovule solitary, pendu- 

 lous. 



B. Anthers dehiscing by uplifting 

 valves, rarely laterally dehiscent: 

 perianth-tube short, lobes 6 or 4, 

 in 2 series, usually imbricated : 



ovary 1-celled : woody 157. LATTRACE*. 



BB. Anthers normal: perianth-tube long; 

 lobes 4-5, imbricated: ovary 1-2- 



celled: woody 158. THYMEL*ACE;E. 



AA. Radicle inferior. 



B. Perianth-tube cylindraceous; lobes 

 4, valvate; stamens as many and 

 opposite them: ovule erect or pen- 

 dulous, or geminate, rarely 159. PROTEACE.E. 



BB. Perianth-tube medium, constricted 

 above the ovary, persistent at base, 

 deciduous above; lobes 2 or 4; sta- 

 mens twice as many as the lobes: 

 silvery-scaly plants: woody 160. ELJEAGNACEJC. 



Series 5. ACHLAMYDOSPORE.E. Ovary 1-celled; cells 1-3-ovuled; 

 cells and ovules often inconspicuous before anthesis; endosperm of 

 seed without a coat, either free in the pericarp or attached to its 

 walls: plants often parasitic. 



A. Ovule 1, not easily distinguishable 



from ovary 161. LORANTHACE^E. 



AA. Ovules 13, pendulous from summit of 



free-central placenta 162. SANTALACE^B. 



Series 6. UNISEXUALES. Fls. unisexual; ovary syncarpous or 

 monocarpous; ovule solitary or in pairs side by side in the ovary or 

 in each cell: trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. 



A. Ovary 1-celled. 



B. Ovule solitary; stamens 2 to many. 

 c. Fls. of both sexes in globose long- 

 peduncled pendent heads, 

 crowded very densely on a cen- 

 tral receptacle: radicle inferior: 



woody. 163. PLATANACEJB. 



cc. r Is. not as above : radicle superior. 

 D. Male perianth free from the 

 bract; stamens as many as its 

 lobes and opposite them, or by 

 abortion fewer, rarely numer- 

 ous. 



B. Stamens uncoiling elastically. 

 r. Ovule suspended, anatro- 



pous 164. MOHACE.K. 



FF. Ovule basal, orthotropous. .165. UBTICACEA. 



EE. Stamens not elastic: ovule 



suspended, anatropoua 166. ULMACE.. 



DD. Male perianth wanting, some- 

 times grown to the bract in 

 Juglandaceee; stamens co , 

 often 2 in Myricacese. 

 B. Lvs. pinnate: male fls. in 



catkins: woody 167. JUGLANDACE. 



EE. Lvs. simple: male infl. spicate, 



subamentaceous: woody. 

 F. Carpel 1; placenta parietal: 



ovule amphitropous 168. LEITNEHIACE. 



FF. Carpels 2; placenta basal: 



ovule orthotropous 169. MYRICACE. 



BB. Ovules 2; stamen 1: equise turn-like 



plants; woody 170. CASUARINACE*. 



AA. Ovary 2-3-celled, rarely more-celled. 



B. Endosperm usually copious: fr. 



usually separating into 2-valved 



berries, sometimes fleshy and inde- 



hisccnt, or various: infl. various. 



c. Hypogynous disk present: micro- 



pyle externally directed; juice 



often milky 171. EUPHORBIACE*. 



cc. Hypogynous disk absent: micro- 



pyle toward axis; no milky juice. .172. BUXACE*. 

 BB. Endosperm 0: fr. a nut: male infl. 



usually in catkins: woody, 

 c. Carpels 2: pistillate fls. usually in 



spikes 173. BETULACE.*:. 



cc. Carpels 3: pistillate fla. not in 



spikes 174. FAGACE.E. 



Series 7. Anomalous Families. Somewhat related to the Uni- 

 eexuales. 



A. Fls. in catkins: caps. 2 4-valved: 



woody 175. SALICACE.E. 



AA. Fls. axillary, or rarely in a terminal 

 head : drupe 2- -stoned , stones 

 1-seeded: low shrubs 176. EMPETRACE^E. 



Class 2. GYMN08PERM.E. Ovules naked upon a scale, bract or 

 disk: cotyledons 2 or more: fls. unisexual. 



A. Lvs. undivided. 



B. The Ivs. fan-shaped: fls. in pairs 177. GINKGOACE.*:. 



BB. The lys. not fan-shaped. 



c. Perianth present: no resin-tubes, 



but true vessels in wood 178. GNETACE^G. 



cc. Perianth wanting: no true vessels, 

 but resin-tubes present. 



D. Ovule solitary, arillate 179. TAXACE.E. 



DD. Ovules in cones, not arillate 180. PINACEJE. 



AA. Lvs. pinnatisect, ample, crowded at 

 apex of the woody st.: fls. of both 

 sexes in cones 181. CYCADACE-G. 



Subdivision 2. MONOCOTYLEDONS. St. without central pith 

 or annular layers, but having the woody bundles distributed irregu- 

 larly through it (a transverse section showing the bundles as dots 

 scattered through the cellular tissue): embryo with a single cotyle- 

 don: early Ivs. always alternate: parts of the fl. usually in 3*s, 

 never in 5's: Ivs. mostly parallel-veined. 



Series 1. MICROSPERM^:. Perianth corolla-like, at least inside: 

 ovary inferior, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentae, or rarely 3-celled 

 with axile placenta: seeds very small and numerous; without 

 endosperm. 



A. Fls. regular, usually unisexual; sta- 

 mens usually 2, 6, or9: aquatic herbs. 182. HYDROCHARI- 

 AA. Fls. usually very irregular; stamens and " [TACEE 



styles connate into a column; anther 

 1, rarely 2: terrestrial or epiphytic 

 herbs, rarely climbers 183. ORCHIDACEJE. 



Series 2. EPJGYN.B. Perianth corolla-like, at least within: ovary 

 generally inferior: endosperm copious. 



A. Fls. normally unisexual; stamens 6, or 

 those opposite the inner perianth- 

 lobes imperfect or deficient; ovary 



3-celled: seeds 2 184. DIOSCOREACE.E. 



AA. Fls. normally bisexual, sometimes 



polygamous or otherwise. 

 B. Stamens regular; perianth regular 

 or nearly so : embryo small, in- 

 cluded in the endosperm. 

 c. Ovary 1-celled; endosperm solid; 

 embryo minute : stamens 6, 



hooded 185. TACCACE<. 



CC. Ovary usually 3-celled. 



D. Stamens 3, opposite the outer 



lobes: endosperm horny 186. IRIDACE/E. 



DD. Stamens 6, rarely 3 and opposite 

 the inner lobes, rarely oo ; 

 endosperm fleshy. 

 E. Placentae scarcely intruding. . .187. AMARYLLIDACEA. 



