KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND GENERA 



85 



EE. Placentae intruding lamella- 

 like, and peltate 188. VELLOSIACE.E. 



BB. Stamens 1 or 5 perfect, the other 5 

 or 1 , variously changed into 

 antherless staminodia; fls. irregu- 

 lar: embryo in a central canal of 

 endosperm, straight, incurved, or 

 horseshoe-shaped . 



c. Fertile stamens 5 189. M USAGES. 



cc. Fertile stamen 1. 



D. Staminodium 1, often traces of 

 more ; a ligule at top of 



petiole; anther 2-celled 190. ZINOIBERACE.*;. 



DD. Staminodia 5; no ligule; anther 



1-celled. 

 E. Ovary-cells 1-seeded: a joint 



at summit of petiole. ..,'... 191. MABANTACE^E. 

 EE. Ovary-cells o-seeded:nojoint.!92. CANNACE*. 

 BBB. Stamens regular or nearly so: peri- 

 anth regular: embryo in a small 

 marginal cave or pit of endosperm, 

 rarely much intruded, never 

 wholly included. 



c. Endosperm mealy: perianth calyx- 

 like outside; stamens 6: Ivs. 



rigid 193. BROMELI A.CE&. 



cc. Endosperm fleshy: perianth 

 corolla-like or woolly outside; 

 stamens sometimes 6 and equal, 

 sometimes 1-3 and slightly dis- 

 similar, or 3 opposite the inner 



(Hffimodoracese, mostly incl. in Liliaceae and Amaryllidacese. ) 



Series 3. CORONARIE.E. Perianth corolla-like, at least inside: 

 Ovary free, rarely shortly adnate at the base: endosperm copious. 



A. Embryo minute or more or less elon- 

 gated, included in fleshy or horny 

 endosperm : perianth regular : sta- 

 mens 6: ovary usually 3-celled 194. LILIACE.E. 



AA. Embryo straight, in a central canal of 

 mealy endosperm: perianth regular or 

 irregular, from a spathe; stamens 3 

 or 6: ovary 1- or 3-celled 195. PONTEDERIACE.*. 



. Embryo marginal, lying in mealy en- 

 dosperm and under a little callosity 



of the seed-coat: perianth regular or 

 slightly irregular, of 3 herbaceous 

 sepals and 3 deliquescent colored 

 petals: some stamens usually sterile 

 and altered; stamen-hairs conspicu- 



oua 196. COMMELINACE^;. 



Series 4. CALYCINE.E. Perianth calyx-like, small, somewhat 

 rigid or gluraaceous, or rarely herbaceous: ovary free; endosperm 

 copious, 



A. Fr. a 3-valved, many-seeded caps.; 

 embryo included in more or less 

 fleshy endosperm: plant grass-like.. . .197. JUNCACE.E. 

 AA. Fr. berry- or drupe-like, 1-seeded, 

 rarely 2-3-seeded; embryo immersed 

 in a small pit near the periphery of 

 the endosperm: palm-like plants 198. PALMACE.E. 



Series 5. NUDIFLOR.. Perianth 0, or reduced to scales or bris- 

 tles; ovary superior; carpels solitary or, if more, syncarpous, l-oo- 

 ovuled: seeds usually with endosperm. 



A. Plants minute, thalloid, 1-3 lines wide, 

 aquatic: fls. solitary or in pairs from 



marginal fissures 199. LEMNACE-E. 



AA. Plants larger: fls. on spadices. 



B. Fls. dio3cious; perianth 0; carpels 

 usually confluent in clusters; 

 spadices clustered or panicled : 



stiff plants 200. PANDANACE.E. 



BB. Fls. dicecious, or monoecious in differ- 

 ent spadices; perianth 0, or the 

 short segms. distinct or connate; 

 spa< tires solitary: stiff plants... . . . .201. CYCLANTHACE*. 



BBB. Fls. monoecious in different spadices, 

 ran-ly dicecious; perianth reduced 

 to membranous scales or thread- 

 like chaff; spadices rarely solitary: 



reed-like marsh plants . . 202. TTFBACKB. 



BBBB. Fls. bisexual, or monoecious in same 

 spadix, rarely dioscious; perianth 0, 

 or of 4 membranous or fleshy im- 

 bricate scales ; spadices solitary : 

 herbaceous or fleshy plants 203. ARACE*:. 



Series 6. APOCARP.E. Perianth in 1-2 series, or 0: ovary supe- 

 rior; carpels solitary, or, if more, distinct: seeds without endosperm. 



A. Embryo complicate or horseshoe- 

 shaped: periarith-segms. 6, in 2 series, 

 tlif inner petaloid. 

 B. Ovules 1. rarely 2-3, basal 204. &UBUCB* 



BB. Ovules numerous, borne between the 



margins and midrib of the carpel... . 205. BUTOMACEJB. 

 AA. Embryo curved: perianth of 4 her- 

 baceous segms., or 0: ovule solitary. . .206. NAIADACEJE. 

 AAA. Embryo straight: perianth of several 



petaloid parts: ovules 2-6 207. APONOOETONA- 



[cmm. 



Series?. GLDMACE. Fls. disposed in spikes or spikelets which 

 are variously arranged; bracts of the spikelct scale-like (glumes), 

 usually imbricate; perianth-segms. small, scale-like, bristle-like, 

 or 0; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled: seeds with endosperm. 



A. Fr. an achene; seed free from the peri- 

 carp; palets and lodiculesO 208. CYPERACE.B, 



AA. Fr. a caryopsis; seed usually adherent 

 to pericarp; palets ana lodicules 

 present 209. GHAMINE.E. 



Other families, of which plants are more or less in cultivation 

 and described in this Cyclopedia, are: Adoxacese (AdoxaJ, Basei- 

 lacese (Anredera), Candolleacese (Candollea), Caryooaraceae 

 (CaryocarJ , Datiscacese (Datisca) , Frankeniacesp (Frankenia), 

 Goodeniacece (Goodenia, Scsevola), Ineacinaceffi (Pyrenacantha), 

 Orobanchaceie (Aphyllon), Restiacese (Restio), Turneracea- (Tur- 

 nera), Vochysiacese (Vochysia). 



Division 2. PTERIDOPHYTA. Bearing spores instead of seeds, 

 but with a usually separate more insignificant stage which beara 

 sexual organs. Ferns, lycopods, horsetails and the like. 



A. Plants like large moss-plants, with 

 scale- or needle-like Ivs. 



B. Spores all alike, minute 210. LYCOPODIACE-E. 



BB. Spores of two kinds, larger (mega- 

 spores) and smaller (microspores}.211. SELAGINELLACEJB. 

 AA. Plants consisting mainly of slender- 

 jointed herbaceous sts. with whorls 

 of scale-like appressed Ivs. at the 



joints 212. EQUIBETACEJE. 



AAA. Plants true ferns, with usually ex- 

 panded Ivs. (Azolla, a moss-like 

 water-plant is exceptional. } (Fili- 

 cales.) 



B. Ferns epiphytic or terrestrial (one 

 Ceratopteris partly aquatic) : 

 spores uniform, minute. 

 c. Sporangia with thick walls, aris- 

 ing from tissues beneath the 

 epidermis. 

 D. The sporangia in spikes or 



panicles 213. OPH IOG LOSS ACE x. 



DD. The sporangia in round or oval 

 sori on under surface of ordi- 

 nary If .214. MARATTIACEJE. 



cc. Sporangia walls only 1 cell thick, 



derived from epidermis. 

 D. Small membranous ferns: spor- 

 angia borne on thread-like pro- 

 jections along margin of Ivs... 215. HYMENOPHYLL- 

 DD. Usually larger, thicker-lvd. ferns: (ACEJE. 



sporangia not on thread-like 

 projections. 

 E. Plants terrestrial. 



F. Ring of sporangia obsolete; 



sporangia in panicles 210. OBMUNDACE.E. 



FF. Ring of sporangia apical; 



sporangia ovate, sessile... .217. SCHIZ.EACE.E. 

 FFF. Ring of sporangia vertical. 

 O. The sporangia mostly 

 long-stalked: Ivs. pin- 

 nate or palmate 218. POLYPODIACE.E. 



GO. The sporangia mostly ses- 

 sile or very short- 

 stalked. 



H. Sporangia in sori of 

 2-8, radiating in a 

 single plane; lf.- 

 branching often di- 

 chotomous: growth 



indeterminate 219. GLEICHENIACE*. 



BH. Sporangia numerous 

 in the globose sori: 

 mostly arborescent.. . 220. CYATHEACE-E. 

 EE. Plants aquatic, with floating 

 sterile Ivs. and pod -I ike 

 sporophylls: sporangia ses- 

 sile with broad ring or 221. CERATOPTERI- 



BB. Ferns, aquatic, unfern-like in appear- [DACE*. 



ance; spores of 2 sorts, large 

 macrospores and minute micro- 

 spores. 



c. Plants floating: Ivs. simple, folded: 

 microspores and macrospores in 



separate sporocarps .222. SALVINIACE-E. 



cc. Plants rooting in mud: lys. quadri- 

 foliate, cloverlike : microspores 

 and macrospores in the same 

 sporocarp 223 MARBILEACEJU 



