KEY TO THE FAMILIES AND GENERA 



107 



BB. Heads usually radiate. 



c. Achene compressed, with 2 narrow mar- 

 gins 109. AchiUea. 



cc. Achenes 4-5-cornered or co -ribbed. 



D. The heads ped uncled at tips of branches. 110. Anthemis. 

 DD. The heads sessile in forks, surrounded 



by 5-6 dissected floral Ivs Ill, Cladanthus. 



\A. Receptacle naked or alveolate-fimbrilliferous. 

 B. Involucral bracts in many series. 



C. Rays present 112. Chrysan- 



[themum. 

 (Consult also Pyrethrum.) 



cc. Rays absent 113. Tanacetum. 



BB. Involucral bracts in 1 or 2 or few series. 



c. Rays present . 114. Matricaria 



cc. Rays absent or inconspicuous. 



D. Involucre top-shaped 115. Cenia. 



DD. Involucre ovoid or broadly bell-shaped, llo. Artemisia. 



9. Senecio Tribe. 



A. Involucral bracts in 1 series and connate at the 

 base or beyond the middle in a cup; no 

 outer bracts; style-branches of the fertile 

 bisexual fls. truncate at apex, usually peni- 

 cillate. 



B. Style undivided; disk-fls. sterile 117. Othonna. 



BB. Style bifid; disk-fls. all or some fertile 118. Gamolepis. 



AA. Involucral bracts in 1 or 2 series, not connate 



in a cup but free, at least finally. 

 B. Style-branches of hermaphrodite fertile fls. 

 roundish obtuse or at least not truncate 

 and wholly without appendage or hairi- 

 ness at summit. 

 c. Heads composed entirely of bisexual and 



fertile fls., homogamous, discoid 119. Cacaliop- 



cc. Heads submqnceeious or subdicecious, the [*w. 



fls. containing both stamens and pistils, 

 sterile. 



D. The heads radiate, yellow 120. Tusailago. 



DD. The heads discoid, purplish or white. 

 E. Style of hermaphrodite fls. undi- 

 vided; heads several 121. Petasites. 



EE. Style branched; heads 2 122. Homooyne. 



BB. Style-branches (of hermaphrodite fls.) either 

 truncate or capitellate at summit, which is 

 either penicillate, hairy or naked and not 

 rarely bears a short conical or flattened 

 appendage, 

 c. Bracts of involucre herbaceous, acuminate. 



D. Receptacle flat 123. Arnica. 



DD. Receptacle hemispherical 124. Doronicum. 



cc. Bracts of involucre narrow, strict, usu- 

 ally ribbed or keeled. 

 D. Apex of style usually truncate and 



penicillate. 

 E. Involucral bracts numerous. 



F. Achenes subterete 125. Senecio. 



FP. Achenes dorsally compressed 126. Cineraria. 



EE. Involucral bracts few, 4-5; heads 



homogamous 127. Tetrady- 



DD. Apex of style with long, subulate hairy [mia. 



appendages; heads homogamous 128. Gynura. 



ODD. Apex of style with appendages short 

 and obtuse, or long and acutish ; 

 heads homogamous 129. Emilia. 



10. Calendula Tribe. 



A. Achenes of the rays thick, hard and bony; 



those of the disk usually all empty 130. Osteos- 



AA. Achenes straight, those of the rays usually [perrnum. 



triquetrous; disk-achenes often flattish or 



2-winged 131. Dimorph- 



[otkeca. 

 AAA. Achenes incurved, heteromorphous 132. Calendula. 



11. Arctotis Tribe. 



A. Involucral bracts free, the inner ones broadly 



scfirious, at least at the apex. 

 B. Herbs glabrous or pubescent: receptacle 



chaffy 133. Ursinia. 



BB. Herbs tomento.se : receptacle naked or 



alveolate. 



c. Achenes usually villous, crowned by 

 hyaline palese which are often con- 

 volute 134. Arctotia. 



cc. Achenes glabrous, with or without a 



crown of minute paleolse 135. Venidium. 



AA. Involucral bracts grown together at the base: 



Ivs. not spinescent: alveoli short 136. Gazania. 



12. Mutisia Tribe. 



A. Raya in 1-2 series, 2-lipped 137. Gerbera. 



AA. Rays in 2-3 series, the outer always strap- 



-) i; ,ped 13K. Chaptalia. 



Scolymus. 



Tragopo- 



(gon. 

 Krigia. 



Hupo- 



\ctKtr i. 

 Leontodon. 



Catanan- 



[che. 

 Cichorium. 



Scorzonera . 



13. Cichorium Tribe. 



A. Pappus 0, or of 2-3 long bristles, which soon 



fall away I'M. 



AA. Pappus paleaceous or partly so, or aristiform, 



or plumose. 

 B. Involucre of equal bracts and no short caly- 



culate ones at base, 

 c. Achenes long-beaked 140. 



cc. Achenes truncate 141. 



BB. Involucre either calyculate or imbricate, 



i. e., principal bracts equal and some 



short ones at base, or less unequal bracts 



in 2 or more series. 



c. Achenes (at least inner ones) tapering into 



a beak. 

 D. Receptacle with membranous chaff 142. 



DD. Receptacle naked 143. 



cc. Achenes usually short, with summit trun- 

 cate or only a trifle contracted below 

 apex. 



D. Receptacle chaffy 144. 



DD. Receptacle not chaffy. 



E. Fls. normally blue 145. 



EE. Fls. yellow 146. 



AAA. Pappus of capillary bristles that are scabrous, 

 rarely barbellulate, never plumose nor palea- 

 ceous-dilated : receptacle naked (except in 1 

 species of Troximon). 



B. Achenes flattened: pappus of copious fine 

 soft capillary bristles. 



c. The achenes distinctly beaked 147. Lactuca. 



cc. The achenes beakless 148. Sonchua. 



BB. Achenes not flattened: pappus persistent or 

 bristles tardily falling (except 1 or 2 spe- 

 cies of Crepis). 

 C. Beak distinct and slender (except in 1 or 2 



species of Troximon). 

 D. The achenes 10-ribbed or 10-nerved, 



not muricate 149. Troximon. 



DD. The achenes 4-5-ribbed or angled, mur- 

 icate 150. Taraxa- 



cc. Beak 0, or achene merely narrow at apex. [cum. 



D. Fls. whitish or cream-color to violet or 



rose-red 151. Prenanthes. 



DD. Fls. mostly yellow, sometimes orange- 

 red or white. 



E. Pappus of rather rigid, scabrous, fra- 

 gile bristles which are usually 



rather dirty or neutral-colored 152. Hieracium 



EE. Pappus of copious white and usu- 

 ally soft capillary bristles 153. Crepis. 



The following genera (and others) also are briefly treated: 

 Amellus, Asterlinosyris, Bellium, Cacalia, Calimeris, Celmisia, 

 ChamEemelum, Cotula, Cryptostemma, Erlangea, Euryops, 

 Gymnolomia, Haplocarpha, Kuhnia, Leptocarpha, Montanoa, 

 Oldenburgia, Pertya, Psilostrophe, Pteronia, Saussurea, Tithonia, 

 Tolpis, Tricholepis, Wedelia and Zaluzania. 



107. CAMPANULACE-ffi. 



A. Fls. irregular, rarely nearly regular; anthers 



united. 



B. Corolla open down to the base on one side... . 1. Lobelia. 

 BB. Corolla with a closed tube. 



c. Stamens in a tube free from the corolla .... 2. Downingia. 

 cc. Stamens more or less adnate to the corolla 

 up to near the throat, then monadel- 

 phous and free or farther adnate on one 



side only 3. Palmerella. 



ccc. Stamens affixed at top of corolla-tube or 

 above the middle: caps. 2-valved at 



apex 4. Isotoma. 



cccc. Stamens affixed at base of corolla-tube. 



D. Fr. an indehiscent berry 5. Centropogon, 



DD. Fr. a caps., 2-valved at apex 6. Siphocam- 



AA. Fls. regular or nearly so; anthers usually [pylu 



separate. 

 B. Fr. an indehiscent, fleshy berry. 



c. Ovary inferior 7. Canarirta. 



cc. Ovary superior as to calyx but not corolla. 8. Campan- 

 BB. Fr. a caps. [umxa. 



c. Caps, dehiscing loculicidally by apical 

 valves. 



D. Corolla 5-parted nearly to base 9. Jasione. 



DD. Corolla broadly bell-shaped, 5-lobed.. . . 10. Platvcodon. 

 ODD. Corolla narrowly (or not broadly) bell- 

 shaped or tubular. 



E. Calyx-tube adnate, hemispherical. . ..11. Codonopsia. 

 EE. Calyx-tube free, long-campanulate or 



inflated 12. Cyananthut. 



cc. Caps, closed at apex, dehiscing laterally 

 between the ribs by small lids or small 

 solitary valves. 

 D. Corolla 5-cut-lobed, or -parted. 



E. Ovary linear or narrowly oblong 13. Specularia* 



