GLOSSARY 



OF THE USUAL BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL TECHNICAL WORDS 



The following set of words includes many descriptive terms used in this Cyclopedia and elsewhere, with ex- 

 planations of their meaning. In some respects, the Name-List (pages 148 to 159) is a glossary, and the consultant 

 should search there when he fails to find the word in the present catalogue. 



Aberrant. Unusual, or exceptional; a plant or structure 

 that varies from customary structure or from the 

 type; used mostly of variation. 



Abortive. Defective; barren; not developed. 



Abrupt. Changing suddenly rather than gradually, as a 

 leaf that is narrowed quickly to a point, or a pinnate 

 leaf that has no terminal leaflet; not tapering. 



Acaulescent. Stemless, or apparently stemless; sometimes 

 the stem is subterranean or protrudes only slightly. 



Accessory buds. Buds more than one in an axil. 



Accessory fruit. Fruit-like body composed of pericarp 

 and other structure or structures seemingly a part 

 of it, but not originally united with it, as wintergreen 

 berry. 



Accrescent. Increasing; becoming larger after flowering, 

 as the calyx in some plants. 



Accumbent. Lying against; said of cotyledons when the 

 edges are placed against the radicle. 



Athene (akene). A dry indehiscent one-seeded pericarp. 



Achlamydeous. Lacking calyx or corolla; naked. 



Acinaciform. Shaped like a scimitar; curved, round 

 toward the point, being thicker on the outer side than 

 on the convex or inner side. 



Acotyledonous. Without cotyledons. 



Adnate. Grown to, united with another part; as stamens 

 with the corolla-tube or an anther in its whole length 

 with the filament. 



Adventitious buds. Buds appearing on occasion, rather 

 than in regular planes and order, as those arising 

 about wounds. 



Adventive. Said of an introduced plant not yet established ; 

 imperfectly or only partially naturalized. 



^Estivation. The arrangement of floral envelopes in the 

 bud (sestivus, summer, when flowers mostly appear. 

 Vernation is leaf-arrangement in the bud). 



Affinity. A plant or part closely related to another or 

 much resembling it in structure. 



Agglomerate. Piled together, heaped up. 



Aggregate fruit. One formed by the coherence of pistils 

 that were distinct in the flower, as blackberry. 



Albumen. Starchy or other nutritive material accompany- 

 ing the embryo; commonly used in the sense of endo- 

 sperm, for the material surrounding the embryo. 



Alburnum. The sapwood or younger wood of a tree. 



Alternate. Any arrangement of leaves or other parts not 

 opposite or whorled; placed singly at different heights 

 on the axis or stem. 



Aheolate. Honey-combed, or pitted with angular sepa- 

 rated depressions. 



Ament. Catkin. 



Amentiferous. Bearing aments or catkins. 



Amorphous. Formless; of no definite or constant form. 



Amphigean. Of both worlds, the Old and New; said of 

 distribution of plants. 



Amphitropous. Said of a straight ovule or seed that is 

 apparently turned a quarter way around, so that it 

 is half inverted and with the scar or hilum on the 

 side. 



Ampuliaceous. Said of plants bearing flask-like parts, as 

 in certain aquatics such as Utricularia. 



Analogous. Related in function or use, but not in origin. 

 See Homologous. 



Anastomosing. Netted; interveined; said of leaves marked 

 by cross-veins forming a network. 



Anatropous. Said of a straight ovule or seed that is in- 

 verted, with the micropyle next the hilum or soar. 



Ander. Male; occurs in combinations as, monandrous, 

 having one stamen. 



Andraeceum. The male or stamen-bearing part of a flower; 

 the stamens spoken of collectively. See Gyncecium. 



Androphore. The cylinder or column formed by monadel- 

 phous filaments, as in the mallow and bombax tribrs. 



Angiosperms. Plants that bear the seeds within a pericarp, 

 in distinction from the gymnosperms which have 

 naked ovules and seeds; having a closed ovary. 



Annual. Of one season's duration from seed to maturity 

 and death. 



Anterior. Front; on the front side; away from the axis; 

 toward the subtending bract. 



Anther. The pollen-bearing part of the stamen, borne at 

 the top of the filament or sometimes sessile. 



Antheriferous. Anther-bearing. 



Anthesis. Flowering; strictly, the time of expansion of a 

 flower, but often used to designate the flowering period ; 

 the act of flowering. 



Anthocarpous. Said of a body combined of flowers and 

 fruit united into a solid mass, as in the pineapple or 

 the mulberry. 



Anthodium. Flower-head of the Composite; in com- 

 mon speech this flower-head is erroneously called a 

 "flower." 



Antical. Front, anterior. 



Apetaloits. No petals; petals missing. 



Apical. At the apex or top. 



Apocarpus. Carpels not united; see Syncarpous. 



Appendage. An attached subsidiary or secondary part, as 

 a projecting part or a hanging part or supplement. 



Appressed. Closely and flatly pressed against; adpressed. 



Arachnoid. Cobwebby, by soft and slender entangled 

 hairs; also spider-like. 



Areole, areola. A small more or less angular space on a 

 surface, as between network of veins. 



Aril. An appendage or an outer covering of a seed, grow- 

 ing out from the hilum or funiculus; sometimes it 

 appears as a pulpy covering. 



Arillate. Provided with an aril. 



Arillode. An aril-like structure, or false aril; a coating or 

 covering of the seed arising from its own surface, and 

 not from the funiculus. 



Armed. Provided with any kind of strong and sharp 

 defence, as of thorns, spines, prickles, barbs. 



Articulate. Jointed ; provided with nodes or joints, or places 

 where separation may naturally take place. 



Ascending. Rising up; produced somewhat obliquely or 

 indirectly- upward. 



Asexual. Sexless; without sex. 



Auricle. An ear-shaped part or appendage, as the projec- 

 tions at the base of some leaves and petals. 



Awl-shaped. Narrow and sharp-pointed; gradually taper- 

 ing from base to a slender or stiff point. 



Awn. A bristle-like part or appendage. 



Axil. Upper angle that a petiole or peduncle makes with 

 the stem that bears it. 



Axile. Borne in or on the axis, or relating to it. 



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