GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



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Axillary. In an axil. 



Axis. The main or central line of development of any 

 plant or organ; the main stem. 



Bacca. A berry. 



Baccate. Berry-like; pulpy or fleshy. 



Banded. Marked with cross-bars or horizontal lines of 

 color, or with very prominent ribs or other structure. 



Barb. A short point or bristle; usually employed to desig- 

 nate points with reflexed or fishhook -like rarely 

 ascending appendages. 



Barbulatc. With fine beards. 



Bark. The word is often used in a general way to designate 

 the softer outer envelope of a stem or root. In this 

 sense, it includes all that peels readily, as the bark of 

 the hemlock and oak, used for tanning leather. In a 

 stricter sense, it is applied to the corky layers formed 

 on the outer surface of woody plants. It is formed 

 from an active layer of tissue, the phellogen. The 

 bark is developed in different ways on different trees. 

 So distinct are the resulting tissues that species of 

 trees may be readily recognized by their bark alone. 

 Cork of commerce is the bark of the cork oak, a 

 native of southwestern Europe. Inasmuch as the 

 word covers so many structures, it is little used by 

 botanists in technical descriptions. 



Bark-grafting. A kind of grafting in which the cions are 

 inserted between the bark and wood of a stub; often, 

 but erroneously, called crown-grafting. 



Base. The bottom or lower end of a part or structure or 

 organ, even though this part may be uppermost as 

 the organ hangs on the plant. 



Basifixed. Attached or fixed by the base, as an ovule that 

 is affixed to its support by its bottom rather than by 

 its side or by an angle. 



Basin. The depression at the apex or blossom-end of an 

 apple or other pome fruit. 



Basinerved. All the ribs or nerves of a leaf or petal start- 

 ing from its base. 



Bast. The soft part of the fibro-vascular bundles in plants, 

 abundant in the inner bark. It increases in thickness 

 simultaneously with the wood, but much less rapidly. 

 The fibrous elements in the bast of basswood have been 

 used in making cordage; also in making strong paper. 



Beak. A long prominent and substantial point; applied 

 particularly to prolongations of fruits and carpels. 



Beard. A long awn or bristle-like hair. 



Berry. Pulpy, indehiscent, few- or many-seeded fruit; 

 technically, the pulpy fruit resulting from a single 

 pistil, containing one or more seeds but no true stone, 

 as the tomato. 



Bi- or Bis-. In Latin compounds, signifying two or twice. 



Biauriculate, biaurite. Having two ears. 



Bicallose, bicallous. Furnished with two callosities, as the 

 lip of some orchids. 



Bicrural. With two tails, legs, or slender elongations. 



Biennial. Of two seasons' duration from seed to maturity 

 and death. 



Bifarious. Arranged in two rows. 



Bifid. Two-cleft or two-cut. 



Bifoliolate. With two leaflets to a leaf. 



Biforate. With two openings, pores or apertures. 



Bigener. Plant arising from a cross between two genera. 



Bilabiate. Two-lipped, double-lipped. 



Bilamellate. Bearing or consisting of two plates. 



Bilobed. Two-lobed ; parted into two lobes. 



Bilocular. Two-celled; with two locules or compartments. 



Bipartite. Divided into two parts; separated nearly to base. 



Bipinnate. Twice-pinnate; when the primary divisions are 

 pinnate. 



Bipinnatifid. Twice-pinnatifid; when pinnatifid primary 

 parts are pinnately cut. 



Biplicale. Bearing two plaits or folds. 



Biscptate. Twice-divided; with two partitions. 



Biserial. In two series or sets. 



Biserrate. Doubly serrate; the serratures themselves serrate. 



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Bisexual. Two-sexed; with both stamens and pistils. 



Biternate. Twice-ternate; when the divisions of a ternate 

 leaf are divided into three. 



Bivalvular. Two-valved. 



Bivittate. With two vittce or oil-tubes. 



Bladdery. Inflated; empty, and the walls thin like the 

 bladder of an animal. 



Blade. The expanded part of leaf or petal. 



Blanching. A whitening or decoloring of the usually green 

 parts of plants, as in celery or endive when it is pre- 

 pared for use. 



Bole. The trunk of a tree, particularly of a large tree. 



Boss. A prominent center or projection on a flat and more 

 or less circular surface. 



Bottom-heat. A term used to designate the condition that 

 arises when the roots of plants, or the soil in which 

 they grow, are exposed to a higher temperature than 

 that of the air in which the aerial parts are growing. 



Brachiate. Branches or parts spreading at nearly right- 

 angles and placed alternately. 



Brachys. In Greek compounds, signifying short, as brachy- 

 podus, on a short foot or stalk. 



Bract. A much-reduced leaf, particularly the small or 

 scale-like leaves in a flower-cluster or associated with 

 the flowers. 



Bracteal. Concerning or pertaining to bracts. 



Bracteole. Bractlet. 



Bractlet. Bract born on a secondary axis, as on the pedicel 

 or even on a petiole. 



Breaking. Said when buds start to grow. 



Bristly. Bearing stiff strong hairs or bristles. 



Bud. An incipient or nascent shoot; the rudimentary or 

 beginning state of a stem; particularly, in common 

 speech, a thickened and condensed resting-stage of a 

 shoot, or a flower or leaf before expanding; in prop- 

 agating, a single bud used on a cutting or cion. See 

 Buds, p. 586. 



Budding. The operation of applying a single bud to the 

 surface of the growing wood of the stock, with the 

 intention that it shall grow. The bud is usually 

 inserted underneath the bark of the cion, and is held 

 in place by a bandage. Budding is a part of the general 

 process of grafting. Called inoculation in old writings. 



Bulb. A thickened part in a resting state and made up of 

 scales or plates on a much shortened axis. See Bulb, p. 

 588. 



Bulbel. A bulb arising from a mother-bulb. 



Bulbiferous. Bulb-bearing. 



Bulblet. Aerial bulb; a bulb borne above ground, as in the 

 flower-cluster or a leaf-axil. 



Bulbo-tuber. Conn. 



Bulbous. Bulb-like; with the structure or the character- 

 istics of a bulb. 



Bullate. The surface blistered or puckered, as the leaf of 

 a Savoy cabbage. 



Bursicle. A little pouch-like or purse-like receptacle. 



Bush. A low and thick shrub, without distinct trunk. 



Caducous. Falling off early, or prematurely, aa the sepals 

 in some plants. 



Calcarate. Spurred. 



Calcariform. Spur-formed ; shaped like a calcar or spur. 



Calceolate. Slipper-like; having the form of a round- 

 ing toed shoe. 



Callosity. A thickened and hardened part or protuberance. 



Callus. A hard prominence or protuberance ; in a cutting 

 or on a severed or injured part, the roll of new cover- 

 ing tissue. 



Calycine. Pertaining to a calyx, or calyx-like. 



Calyculate. Calyx-like; bearing a part resembling a calyx; 

 particularly, furnished with bracts against or under- 

 neath the calyx resembling a supplementary or outer 

 calyx. 



Calyptra. A hood or lid; particularly the hood or cap of 

 the capsule of a moss. 



Calyptriform. Hood-formed ; like a cap pulled over. 



