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GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



Calyx. The outer circle of floral envelopes. 



Cambium. The growing or nascent tissue lying between 

 the xylem and phloem of the fibre-vascular bundle, and 

 therefore on the outside of the woody trunk between 

 wood and bast, or in trees and shrubs between wood 

 and "bark." Its function is to increase the stem in 

 diameter. 



Campanulate. Bell-shaped. 



Campylotropous. Said of an ovule or seed so curved or 

 turned on itself as to bring the apex and base together. 



Canaliculate. Grooved or channeled lengthwise. 



Canescent. Gray-pubescent and hoary. 



Cap. A convex removable covering of a part, as of a cap- 

 sule; in the grape, the cohering petals fall off as a cap. 



Capillary. Hair-like; very slender. 



Capitate. Headed; in heads; formed like a head; aggre- 

 gated into a very dense or compact cluster. 



Capitulum. Head ; a close body of sessile flowers. 



Capsular. Pertaining to a capsule; formed like a capsule. 



Capsule. Compound pod; a dry fruit of more than one 

 carpel, opening at maturity. 



Carinate. Keeled ; provided with a projecting central longi- 

 tudinal line or ridge on the lower or under surface. 



Carpel. One of the foliar units of a compound pistil; a 

 simple pistil contains one carpel. 



Carpophore. Fruit-stalk; stem bearing the carpels; particu- 

 larly, in the Umbelliferse, the slender extended axis 

 that supports the ripe seed-like carpels. 



Cartilaginous. Hard and tough, like parchment. 



Caruncle. On a seed, a protuberance or growth at or 

 around the hilum. 



Caryopsis. An achene-like fruit, with the thin pericarp or 

 covering grown fast to the seed ; it is the characteristic 

 fruit of the cereal grains and other grasses. 



Cataphyll. An undeveloped leaf, as at the beginning of 

 a growth. 



Catkin. A scaly-bracted spike with declinous flowers; 

 ament; prominent in willows and poplars. 



Caudex. Stem, trunk; used particularly to designate the 

 persistent base of an herbaceous stem that is otherwise 

 annual, and also for the stem of tree-ferns and palms. 



Caudicle. Little stem, stemlet; stalk of pollinium in 

 orchids. 



Caulescent. More or less stemmed or stem-bearing; having 

 an evident stem above ground. 



Caulicle. Stemlet of the embryo; radicle. 



Cauline. Pertaining or belonging to the stem. 



Cavity. The depression at the bottom or stem-end of an 

 apple or similar fruit. 



Cell. One of the ultimate compartments or vesicles of 

 which plants are composed or made up; also, a cavity or 

 compartment or locule of an ovary or anther. 



Cellular. Tissue made up of short thin-walled cells, 

 rather than of fibers or tubes. 



Centrifugal. Away from the center. 



Centripetal. Toward the center. 



Centrum. The central part of any structure; particularly 

 the large central air-space in hollow stems. 



Cephalanthium. An old name for the flower-head of com- 

 posites; anthodium. 



Cephalium. The head-like stem-end of condensed cacti, 

 bearing the flowers and fruits. 



Cernuous. Drooping; inclining somewhat from the per- 

 pendicular. 



Cespitose. Matted ; growing in tufts; in little dense clumps; 

 said of low plants that make tufts or turf of their basal 

 growths. 



Chaeta. A bristle; seta. 



Chaff. A small thin dry and membranous scale or bract; 

 in particular, the bracts in the flower-heads of com- 

 posites. 



Channeled. Deeply grooved lengthwise ; canaliculate. 



Chartaceous. Thin, hard and stiff; having the texture of 

 writing-paper. 



Chrysos. In Greek compounds, signifying golden or golden 

 yellow. 



Ciliate. Fringed with hairs; bearing hairs on the margm. 



Ciliolate. Slightly or minutely ciliate. 



Cinereous. Ash-colored; light gray. 



Cinnamomeus. Cinnamon-colored. 



Cion. The bud or branch used in grafting; also spelled 



scion. 

 Circinate. Coiled downward or inward from the top, as 



the young frond of a fern and cycas. 

 Circumscissile. Opening or dehiscing by a line around the 



fruit or anther, the valve usually coming off as a lid. 

 Cirrhiferous. Tendril-bearing. 

 Cirrhiform. Tendril-form. 

 Cirrhus, cirrus. A tendril. 

 Cladophyllum. A flattened leaf-like branch, functioning as 



foliage, as in many acacias and in asparagus. 

 Clados. In Greek compounds, signifying a branch. 

 Clasping. Leaf partly or wholly surrounding stem. 

 Clavate. Club-shaped; said of a long body thickened 



toward the top. 

 Claw. The long narrow petiole-like base of the petals or 



sepals in some flowers. 

 Cleistogamous flowers. Small closed self-fertilized flowers, 



as in some violets and in many other plants. 

 Close fertilization. Fecundation by pollen from same 



flower ; self-fertilization. 

 Clove. One of the separable parts of a composite bulb, as 



of the garlic. 

 Clypeate. With the form of an ancient buckler or round 



convex shield; shield-like. 

 Coalescence. The union of similar parts or organs, or of 



those in the same series as stamens with stamens and 



petals with petals. 

 Coarctate. Crowded together. 

 Coccus. A berry (plural cocci) ; in particular, one of the 



parts of a lobed fruit with one-seeded cells. 

 Cochleariform. Spoon-shaped. 



Coherent. Two or more similar parts or organs joined. 

 Cohesion. The union of two or more organs of same 



kind. 



Collateral. By the side; standing side by side. 

 Column. Body formed of union of stamens and pistil 



in orchids, or of stamens, as in mallows. 

 Commissure. The place of joining or meeting; as the face 



by which one carpel joins another. 

 Comose. Bearing a tuft or tufts of hair. 

 Complete flower. All parts present. 

 Complete leaf. Having blade, petiole, stipules. 

 Complicate. Folded over or back on itself. 

 Compound. Of two or more similar parts in one organ. 

 Compound leaf. A leaf with two or more separate leaflets; 



in some cases (as in Citrus) some of the leaflets may 



be obsolete and the compound leaf have only one 



leaflet. 



Compound pistil. Of two or more carpels united. 

 Compressed. Flattened, especially flattened laterally. 

 Conchiform. Shell-form; like one valve of a bivalve shell. 

 Conduplicate. Two parts folded together lengthwise. 

 Cone. A dense and usually elongated collection of flowers 



or fruits borne beneath scales, the whole with scales 



and axis forming a detachable homogeneous fruit-like 



body; some cones are of short duration, as the stami- 



nate cones of pines, and others become dry and woody 



durable parts . 

 Confluent. Running together so as to form a single part 



or organ ; blended. 

 Conformed. Of the same form or character as something 



else or as a related part or structure. 

 Congested. Crowded very closely together; collected into 



a mass or body. 



Conglobate. Gathered into a ball or globe. 

 Conglomerate. Clustered ; brought together. 

 Coniferous. Cone-bearing. 

 Connate. United or joined; in particular, like or similar 



structures joined as one body or organ. 

 Connective. The filament or tissue connecting the two cells 



of an anther, particularly when the cells are separated. 



