GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



163 



Connivent. Coming together or converging, but not 

 organically connected. 



Conoidal, Cone-like; nearly conical. 



Convolute. Said of floral envelopes in the bud when one 

 edge overlaps the next part or petal or sepal or lobe 

 while the other edge or margin is overlapped by a 

 preceding part ; rolled up. 



Cordate. Heart-shaped; with a sinus and rounded lobes 

 at the base and ovate in general outline. 



Cork. The name applied to the outer impervious mostly 

 not-living part of the bark. Most bark develops a 

 corky exterior, and in some cases it becomes very 

 prominent. In Evonymous Thunbergianus, the English 

 maple, the corky barked elm, and other trees and 

 shrubs, it forms wings on the branches. The cork of 

 commerce comes from the bark of Quercus Ilex (better 

 known as Q. Suber), plantations of which grow in south- 

 western Europe. The cork tree of the catalogues, 

 Phellodendron amurense, is a curious tree, cultivated 

 for ornament. 



Corm. A solid bulb-like part, usually subterranean, as 

 the "bulb" of crocus and gladiolus. 



Cornel. A corm arising from a mother-corm. 



Cormlet. Aerial corm, or one borne in the inflorescence or 

 in the leaf axils. 



Cormous. With corms, or pertaining to corms. 



Corneous. Horny; hard and very dense in texture. 



Corniculate. Bearing or terminating in a small horn-like 

 protuberance or process. 



Corolla. Inner circle of floral envelopes; if the parts are 

 separate, they are petals; if not separate, they are 

 teeth, lobes or divisions. 



Corona. Crown, coronet; any appendage or intrusion that 

 stands between the corolla and stamens, or on the 

 corolla, as the cup of a daffodil, or that is the out- 

 growth of the staminal part or circle, as in the milk- 

 weeds. 



Coroniform. Crown-formed or crown-like; corona-like. 



Corticate. Having a cortex or hard bark; also having a 

 rind, as the lemon and orange. 



Corymb. Short and broad, more or less flat-topped inde- 

 terminate flower-cluster. 



Corymbose inflorescence. Outer flowers opening first. 



Costa. A rib; in particular a strong rib or line, as a midrib 

 or mid-nerve. 



Costate. Ribbed. 



Cotyledon. Seed-leaf; the primary leaf or leaves in the 

 embryo; in some plants the cotyledon always remains 

 in the seed-coats and in others (as bean) it emerges on 

 germination. 



Crateriform. Deep saucer-shaped; cup-shaped. 



Creeper. A trailing shoot that takes root in the ground 

 throughout its length. 



Crenate. Shallowly round-toothed or obtusely toothed. 



Crenuiate. Finely or shallowly crenate. 



Crested. With elevated and irregular or toothed ridge. 



Cribrose. Sieve-like ; with numerous small apertures. 



Crop. Produce of tilled, cared-for or protected plants. 



Croppage. The whole subject of the producing of crops. 



Cross. The offspring of any two flowers that have been 

 fertilized. A cross-breed is a cross between varieties 

 of the same species. Synonyms are half-breed, mongrel, 

 variety-hybrid. Crossing is the operation of cross- 

 pollinating. Cross-pollination is the transfer of the 

 pollen of one flower to the pistil of another. 



Cross-fertilization. Fertilization or fecundation secured 

 by pollen from another flower. 



Cross-pollination. Transfer of pollen from flower to flower. 



Crown. Corona; also that part of the stem at the surface 

 of the ground; also a part of a rhizome with a large 

 bud, suitable for use in propagation. 



Cruciate. Cross-shaped or cross-like. 



Crustaceous. Said of bodies or coverings that are hard and 

 brittle. 



Cryptogam. Flowerless plant, as fern, moss, fungus, sea- 

 weed ; less used than formerly as a technical term. 



Cryptos. In Greek compounds, signifying concealed. 

 Culm. The stem of sedges and grasses, and similar plants. 

 Cuneate. Wedge-shaped; triangular, with the narrow end 



at point of attachment, as of leaves or petals. 

 Cupular. Cup-like or cup-shaped ; the acorn nut sits in a 



cupule or little cup (whence the name Cupuliferae). 

 Cuticle. The external rind or skin of a plant or part; 



usually applied to the thin waterproof membrane 



overlying the epidermis. 

 Cutting. A severed vegetative or asexual part of a plant 



used in propagation; as a cutting of root, of stem, or 



of leaf. 



Cyathiform. Cup-shaped. 

 Cymbiform. Boat-shaped. 

 Cyme. A broad, more or less flat-topped determinate 



flower-cluster. 



Cymose inflorescence. With central flowers opening first. 

 Cypsela. An old term for the fruit of composites, being 



dry, one-celled and one-seeded. 



Deciduous. Falling, as the leaves of non-evergreen trees. 



Decompound. More than once compound. 



Decumbent. Reclining or lying on the ground, but with the 

 end ascending. 



Decurrent. Running down the stem, as the leaf of mullein. 



Decussate. Opposite leaves in four rows up and down the 

 stem ; alternating in pairs at right angles. 



Definite. Said of a constant or known number, not exceed- 

 ing twenty; contrasted with indefinite, above twenty, 

 when the parts are usually not counted in systematic 

 descriptions. 



Deflexed. Turned downward abruptly. 



Defoliation. The casting or falling of the leaves. 



Dehiscence. The method or process of opening of a seed- 

 pod or anther. 



Deliquescent. Trunk or leader lost in the branches; said 

 of tree-top without a leader. 



Deltoid. Triangular; delta-like. 



Dendroid. Said of tree-shaped small plants. 



Dendron. In Greek compounds, signifying a tree. 



Dentate. With sharp spreading teeth. 



Depauperate. Applied to a plant or part that is less per- 

 fectly developed than usual or normal; also said of 

 very small members of a genus or family. 



Depressed. More or less flattened endwise or from above. 



Descending. The direction gradually downwards. 



Determinate. Definite cessation of growth at the apex or 

 in the main axis. 



Di-, Dis,-. In Greek combinations, signifying two or twice 

 as diphyllus, two-leaved. 



Diadelphous. In two groups, as the stamens of some 

 Leguminosse, joined by their filaments. 



Diandrous. With two stamens. 



Diaphanous. Transparent or translucent. 



Dicarpellous. Comprised of two carpels. 



Dichlamydeous. Provided with both calyx and corolla. 



Dichogamy. Stamens and pistils maturing at different 

 times. 



Diclinous. Imperfect ; having either stamens or pistils but 

 not both; unisexual. See Monoclinous. 



Dicoccous. Separating into two cocci. 



Dicotyledonous. With two cotyledons. 



Didynamous. With four stamens in two pairs of different 

 length. 



Diffuse. Loosely branching or spreading; of open 

 growth. 



Digitate. Hand-like; compound with the members arising 

 from one point. 



Dimerous. The parts in twos. 



Dioecious. Staminate and pistillate flowers on different 

 plants. 



Dipterous. Two-winged. 



Dipyrenous. Having two stones or pyrenes. 



Disciform. Flattish and circular like a discus. 



Discoid. Disk-like; in particular, said of a head of Com- 

 posite without ray-flowers. 



