GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



165 



Fugacious. Fulling or withering away very early. 

 Fumose. Smoke-colored. 



Function. What a plant or a part does; its vital activities. 

 Funicle. The stalk or stipe of an ovule or seed. 

 Funnelform. With tube gradually widening upward and 



passing insensibly into the limb, as in many flowers 



of Convolvulus; infundibuliform. 

 Furrowed. With longitudinal channels or grooves. 

 Fusiform. Spindle-shaped; narrowed both ways from a 



swollen middle, as dahlia roots. 



Galea. A hood or a helmet-shaped part or structure, as 



found in the upper lip of some corollas. 

 Gamete. One of the sex-cells, either male or female. 

 Gamopetalous. Corolla of one piece; petals united. 

 Gamophyllous. Leaves united. 

 Gamosepalous. Calyx of one piece; sepals united. 

 Geminate. In pairs; twin. 

 Gemma. A bud; particularly a bud or bud-like structure 



by which a plant propagates. 

 Gemmiparous. Bud-bearing. 

 Gemmule. A little bud or bud-like structure. 

 Generation. Period from birth (impregnation) to death; 



the epoch from one 1-celled stage of a plant to the 



next 1-celled stage. 

 Germination. The unfolding of the embryo and becoming 



self-established of the plantlet. 

 Gibbosity. A swelling or bulging on one side or near the 



base. 

 Glabrate. Nearly glabrous, or becoming glabrous with 



maturity or age. 

 Glabrous. Not hairy. 

 Gladiale. Sword-shaped or sword-like. 

 Gland. Properly a secreting part or prominence or appen- 

 dage, but often used in the sense of gland-like. 

 Glandular. Having or bearing secreting organs, or glands. 

 Glandulose, glanduliferous. Gland-bearing. 

 Glaucous. Covered with a "bloom" or a whitish substance 



that rubs off. 



Glochidiate. Said of parts with summit barbed. 

 Glomerate. In dense or compact cluster or clusters. 

 Glomerule. Dense head-like clusters; properly a dense 



cyme. 

 Glume. A small chaff-like bract; in particular, one of the 



two empty bracts at the base of the grass spikelet. 

 Graft. A branch or bud inserted on another plant with the 



intention that it shall grow there; cion. 

 Grafting. The process of inserting a cion in a plant with 



the intention that it shall grow there. See Budding. 

 Granular, granulose. Covered with very small grains; 



minutely or finely mealy. 

 Gymnos. In Greek compounds, signifying naked or not 



covered: as gymnosperms, with naked seeds (not in a 



pericarp). See Angiosperm. 



Gynandrous. With the stamens grown on the pistil, form- 

 ing one organ, as in the orchids. 

 Gynobase. Stipe or stalk of an ovary, being an extension 



or prolongation of the receptacle ; short gynophore. 

 Gyrwcium. The female or pistil - bearing part of the 



flower. See AndroEcium. 

 Gynophore. Stipe of an ovary prolonged within the calyx. 



Habit. The looks, appearance, general style or mode of 

 growth; as an upright, open, decumbent or strict 

 habit. 



Habitat. Particular place in which a plant grows; as a 

 swamp, roadside, lawn, woods, ballast-heap, hillside. 



Hairs. A general name for many kinds of small and slen- 

 der outgrowths on the parts of plants; special kinds of 

 hairiness are designated as setose, villous, comose, 

 pubescent, hirsute, and others. 



Halberd-shaped. Hastate. 



Hamate. Hooked. 



Hastate. Of the shape of an arrow-head but the basal lobes 

 pointed or narrow and standing nearly or quite at 

 right angles; halberd-shaped. 



Haulm. Straw-like stems, as of the cereal grains; some- 

 times also applied to the stems of palms; usually a 

 collective noun. 



Head. A short dense spike; capitulum. 

 Heart-shaped. Cordate; ovate in general outline but with 

 two rounded basal lobes; has reference particularly to 

 the shape of the base of a leaf or other expanded part. 

 Heel. An enlarged or more or less transverse part on the 

 lower end of a cutting secured from the older or 

 larger branch from which the cutting is taken. 

 Helicoid. Twisted or coiled in snail-shell form. 

 Heliotropism. The characteristic of turning toward the light. 

 Hemi- In Greek compounds, signifying half. 

 Hepta- In Greek compounds, signifying seven. 

 Herb. Naturally dying to the ground; without persistent 

 stem above ground; lacking definite woody firm 

 structure. 

 Herbaceous. Not woody; dying down each year; said also 



of soft branches before they become woody. 

 Hermaphrodite. Bearing both stamens and pistil in the 



same flower; two-sexed; bisexual. 

 Hesperidium. The fruit of the orange-kind. 

 Heterocarpous. Various-fruited; with more than one kind 



or form of fruit. 



Heterogamous. With two or more kinds or forms of flowers. 



Heteros. In Greek composition, signifying various, or of 



more than one kind or form; as heterophyllous, with 



mare than one kind or form of leaf. 



Hilum. In the seed, the scar or mark indicating the point 



of attachment. 



Hip. Fruit of the rose, being an urn-like or closed recep- 

 tacle bearing the achenes inside. See Hypanthium. 

 Hirsute. With rather rough or coarse hairs. 

 Hirtellous. Softly or minutely hirsute or hairy. 

 Hispid. Provided with stiff or bristly hairs. 

 Hispidulous. Somewhat or minutely hispid. 

 Hoary. Covered with a close white or whitish pubes- 

 cence. 

 Homo- In Greek compounds, signifying alike or very 



similar. 



Homocarpous. All the fruits, as of a flower-head, alike. 

 Homogamous. Presenting only one kind of flowers. 

 Homologous. Related in origin or morphology. Seft 



Analogous. 



Homomorphous. Uniform ; all the given parts alike. 

 Horny. Hard and dense in texture; corneous. 

 Hybrid. A plant resulting from a cross between two or 



more parents that are more or less unlike. 

 Hygroscopic. Capable of absorbing moisture from at- 

 mosphere. 



Hypanthium. A fruit-like body (as the rose-hip) formed by 

 the enlargement of the torus and bearing the proper 

 fruits on its upper or inner surface; literally "beneath 

 the flower." Now commonly used to denote the cup- 

 shaped receptacle on which calyx, petals and stamens 

 are inserted in cases of perigyny, as in plum, fuchsia. 

 Hypochil. The lower or basal part of the lip in orchids. 

 Hypocotyl. That part of the caulicle lying below the 



cotyledons. 



Hypocraleriform. Salver-form; that shape of the flower 

 characterized by a cylindrical tube and a flat-spread- 

 ing limb, as in phlox. 

 Hypogeal. Cotyledons remaining beneath the ground in 



germination. 



Hypogynous. Borne on the torus, or under the ovary; 

 said of the stamens or petals. 



Immarginate. Without a rim or edge. 



Immersed. Entirely under water. 



Imparipinnate. Unequally pinnate; odd-pinnate; with a 



single terminal leaflet. 

 Imperfect flower. Having either stamens or pistils, but 



not both. 



Implexed, implexuous. Entangled, interlaced. 

 Impregnation. Fecundation or fertilization of the ovule 



by the pollen; also, the infiltration of substances. 



