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GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 



Style. More or less elongated part of the pistil between the 



ovary and stigma. 

 Stylopodium. Style-foot; an expansion at the base of a 



style, as in flowers of the Umbelliferse. 

 Sub-. As a prefix, usually signifying somewhat, slightly or 



rather. 



Subacute. Somewhat or partially acute. 

 Subcoriaceous. Somewhat or approaching leathery in 



texture. 



Subligneous. Partially or somewhat woody. 

 Subterete. Somewhat or imperfectly terete. 

 Succulent. Juicy; fleshy; soft and thickened in texture. 

 Sucker. A shoot arising from the roots or beneath the sur- 

 face of the ground. 



Suffrutescent. Partially or slightly shrubby. 

 Suffruticose. Pertaining to a low and somewhat woody 



plant; diminutively shrubby or fruticose; woody at base. 

 Sulcate. Grooved or furrowed lengthwise. 

 Superior. Said of an ovary that is free from the calyx. 

 Supernumerary. Said of buds when there is more than one 



in an axil. 

 Suspended. Hanging from the top, as an ovule attached 



in the top of the locule. 

 Suture. A line or mark of splitting open; a groove marking 



a natural division or union; the groove lengthwise a 



plum or similar fruit. 

 Symmetrical. Said of a flower that has the same number of 



parts in each series or circle, as five stamens, five petals. 

 Symphysis. Growing together; coalescence. 

 Sympodial. Axial growth continued by successive lateral 



shoots instead of by terminal bud. 



Syncarpium. A fruit consisting of many cohering or con- 

 solidated carpels. 



Syncarpous. Having carpels united. See Apocarpus. 

 Syngenesimts. Anthers united in a ring, as in Composite. 



Tapering. Gradually becoming smaller or diminishing in 

 diameter or width toward one end. 



Tap-root. A strong nearly or quite perpendicular main 

 root that carries the plant axis straight into the ground, 

 all the other roots being secondary to it, rather than 

 branching equally or diversely at the crown. 



Taxonomy. Classification of species. 



Tendril. A rotating or twisting thread-like process or 

 extension by which a plant grasps an object and clings to 

 it for support; morphologically it may be stem or leaf. 



Teratology. The subject of monstrosities, or of abnormal 

 and aberrant forms and malformations. 



Terete. Circular in transverse section; imperfectly cylin- 

 drical because the object may taper both ways. 



Terminology. The subject dealing with names. 



Ternate. In threes. 



Testa. The outer seed-coat, particularly when bony, hard 

 or brittle. 



Tetradynamous. Six stamens, four being long and two short. 



Tetragonal. Four-angled. 



Thallus. A flat leaf -like organ; in some cryptogams, the 

 entire cellular plant body without differentiation as to 

 stem and foliage. 



Throat. The opening or orifice into a gamopetalous corolla, 

 or perianth; the place where the limb joins the tube. 



Thyrse, thyrsus. Compact and more or less compound 

 panicle; more correctly a panicle-like cluster with main 

 axis indeterminate and other parts determinate. 



Tip. The plant arising at the end of a stolon, as in the 

 black raspberry. 



Tomentoae. With tomentum; densely woolly or pubescent; 

 with matted soft wool-like hairiness. 



Tomentulose. Somewhat or delicately tomentose. 



Tortuous. Twisted; with irregular bending and twining. 



Torus. Receptacle. 



Tree. A woody plant that produces one main trunk and a 

 more or less distinct and elevated head. 



Tri-. Three or three times. 



Tricarpous. Of three carpels or fruits. 



Trichome. A hair, particularly one that is strong or stiff. 



Tricostate. With three ribs. 



Trifid. Separated about halfway down into three parts. 



Trifoliate. Of three leaves. 



Trifoliolate. Of three leaflets. 



Trigonous. Three-angled. 



Trimerous. In threes. 



Trimorphous. In three forms; as three lengths of stamens. 



Tripinnate. Three times pinnate. 



Trisected. In three deeply cut parts. 



Triternate. Three times three; the leaflets or segments of a 

 twice ternate leaf again in three parts. 



Truncate. Appearing as if cut off at the end; the end 

 nearly or quite straight across. 



Tuber. A short congested part; usually defined as sub- 

 terranean (as of a rootstock^, although this is not 

 essential. 



Tubercle. A small tuber, or rounded protruding body. 



Tuberiferous. Tuber-bearing. 



Tuberous. With or resembling a tuber or tubers. 



Tumid. Swollen. 



Tunicated. Provided with concentric or enwrapping 

 coats or layers, as bulb of onion. 



Turgid. Swollen from fullness. 



Umbel. Corymbose or indeterminate cluster with branches 

 or rays arising from a common point and about equal 

 in length, resembling framework of umbrella; umbels 

 are characteristic of the Umbelliferae. 



Umbellate. Umbelled ; with umbels ; pertaining to umbels. 



Umbellet. Secondary umbel. 



UmbeUule. Umbellet. 



Uni-. One. 



Unisexual. Of one sex; staminate or pistillate only. 



Utricle. A small bladder; a bladdery 1-seeded fruit. 



Valvate. Opening by valves or pertaining to valves; 



meeting by the edges without overlapping, as leaves 



or petals in the bud. 

 Valve. A separable part of a pod; the units or pieces into 



which a capsule splits or divides in dehiscing. 

 Vascular. With vessels or ducts, or relating to them. 

 Vein. A branch of the evident woody framework of a 



leaf or similar organ; secondary member of the fibro- 



vascular structure. 



Veinlet. A small or slender vein; nerve. 

 Venation. Veining; arrangement or disposition of veins. 

 Ventral. Front; relating to the anterior or inner face or 



part of an organ; opposite the back or dorsal part. 

 Vernation. The disposition or arrangement of leaves in 



the bud. 

 Versatile. Hung or attached near the middle and usually 



moving freely, as an anther attached crosswise on the 



apex of filament and capable of turning. 

 Verticil'. A whorl. 



Vesicle. A little bladder or bladder-like cavity. 

 Vexillary. Pertaining to the vexillum, standard or banner 



of a papilionaceous flower. 

 Villous. Provided with long and soft, not matted, hairs; 



shaggy. 



Vitta. An oil-tube, as in the fruits of Umbelliferse. 

 Vitiate. With vittse; also striped lengthwise. 

 Volute. Rolled up. 



Watersprout. A strong rapid-growing adventitious shoot 

 in a tree-top or bush or on a trunk. 



Whorl. Three or more leaves or flowers at one node, in a 

 circle. 



Wing. A thin dry or membranous expansion or flat exten- 

 sion or appendage of an organ ; also the lateral petal of 

 a papilionaceous flower. 



Woolly. Provided with long, soft and more or less matted 

 hairs; like wool; lanate. 



Wort. Old word for a plant or herb; now used only in com- 

 bination, as motherwort, spiderwort, liverwort. 



