226 



AERIDES 



J3SCULUS 



lobe broadly obcordate; spur subulate. Himalayan 

 region. B.M. 4982. J.H. 111. 34:417. O.K. 13:60. 



19. mitratum, Reichb. f. St. short, with a few semi- 

 terete Ivs. 6-15 in. long, deeply grooved on the upper 

 surface: racemes from below the Ivs. and shorter than 

 them, ascending or nearly erect; fls. %in. long; sepals 

 and petals white, flushed with mauve at the apex; lip 

 amethyst; spur miter-shaped, short. Burma. B.M. 

 5728. 



A. MicholUzii, Rolfe. A recently intro. species, allied to A. odo- 

 ratum. Light rose-purple fls. and a rather short spur. Annam. 

 O.K. 1904:181. A. cylindricum, Lindl. Resembles A. vandarum 

 in habit and foliage. Fls. about i M in* across; the sepals and 

 petals waxy white, sometimes tinged rose, the lip white, the side 

 lobes purple-streaked, the middle lobe yellow with a crimson tip. 

 India. G.C. III. 17:393. A. Duqueanei, Hort. Fls. white dotted 

 with rose. A. Emericii, Reichb. Fls. 1 in. long, the sepals and 

 petals white, amethyst-blotched at apex, the side lobes of lip 

 purple-spotted, the middle lobe small, narrowly oblong, acute, 

 amethyst; spur incurved. B.M. 6728. A. Thibautianum, Reichb. 

 Racemes longer than the Ivs.: fls. rose with an amethyst lip; spur 



curved - GEOKGE V. NASH. 



jERUA (said to be from the Arabic name). Amaran- 

 tacex. A genus of 10 species of Trop. Asiatic and Afri- 

 can herbs or shrubs, allied to Achyranthes, with per- 

 fect or imperfect fls., the perianth segms. short and 

 hyaline; stamens 5 or 4, sterile filaments intervening; 

 fls. very small, usually in clusters, white or rusty. 



sanguinolenta, Blume (A. sanguined, Hort.). Lvs. 

 2 in. long, opposite or alternate, ovate-acuminate, 



133. Opening foliage of .sculu* Hippocastanum. 



soft-pubescent, pale beneath. Java. Cult, for its dark 

 red Ivs. Not common and at present perhaps confined 

 to botanic gardens. N. TAYLOR, t 



.ffiSCHYNANTHUS: Trichosporum. 



jESCULUS (ancient name of some oak or mast-bear- 

 ing tree). Including P&via. Hippocastanacese. HORSE- 

 CHESTNUT. BUCKEYE. Trees or sometimes shrubs, 

 cultivated for shade and for the conspicuous bloom of 

 some species. 



Winter-buds large with several pairs of outer scales: 

 Ivs. opposite, long-petioled, digitate, deciduous; Ifts. 

 5-9, serrate: fls. symmetrical in terminal panicles; 

 calyx campanulate to tubular, unequally 4-5-toothed; 

 petals 4-5, with long claws; stamens 5-9; ovary 3- 

 celled, with 2-ovuled cells: fr. a large 3-valved caps., 

 usually with 1 or 2 large seeds; seeds large, brown, with 

 a large pale hilum. About 20 species in N. Amer., E. 

 Asia, Himalayas and Balkan Peninsula. 



The buckeyes are deciduous trees and shrubs, with 

 large, digitate leaves and red, white or yellow flowers in 

 showy terminal panicles. They are cultivated for their 

 showy flowers and handsome foliage, and some species 



make excellent shade trees. The large seeds are not 

 edible. 



Some species, as /. Hippocastanum and JE. cornea 

 are popular shade and street trees. They leaf early and 

 soon give a dense shade. The shrubby species are well 

 adapted for borders of larger groups or as solitary 

 clumps on the lawn, particularly M. parviflora, with its 

 slender panicles of white flowers; similar in habit and 

 effect but with bright scarlet flowers, are M. discolor, 

 M. georgiana and . splendens. Most of the species are 

 hardy North, but the Californian and Himalayan spe- 

 cies are suitable only for the southern states. They 

 grow best in loamy and moist soil. 



Propagation is by seeds to be sown in autumn or 

 stratified, or by side-grafting and budding on common 

 species, and the shrubby forms also by layers; dS. 

 parviflora is propagated also by root-cuttings. 



pendula, 13. 

 plantierensis, 2. 

 pumila, 1. 

 pyramidalis, 1. 

 rubicunda, 2. 

 rubra, 13. 

 Schirnhoferi, 1. 

 sinensis, 3. 

 splendens, 15. 

 sublaciniata, 13. 

 turbinata, 3. 

 umbraculifera, 1. 

 variegata, 1. 

 versicolor, 12. 

 Whitleyi. 11. 

 Wilsonii, 6. 

 woerlitzensis, 11. 



A. Winter-buds resinous: claws of petals not longer than 



calyx; stamens exserted. 



B. Lfts. sessile: petals 5; calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; 



stamens 5-8: fr. globular. (Hippocastanum). 



c. Lvs. glabrous beneath. 



1. Hippocastanum, Linn. COMMON HORSE-CHEST- 

 NUT. Fig. 133. Large tree, 60-80 ft.: Ifts. 5-7, sessile, 

 cuneate-obovate, acuminate, obtusely serrate, nearly 

 glabrous: panicles 8-12 in. long, very showy; fls. white, 

 tinged with red, %in. long: fr. echinate. May. N. 

 Greece, Bulgaria. H.W. 3:47. F.E. 13, pi. 13 (habit). 

 Many garden forms; the most important are: Var. 

 Baumannii, Schneid. (var. flore-pleno, Lem.), with 

 double white fls. I.H. 2:50. F.S. 7, p. 75. B.H. 4, p. 

 133. G.M. 44:613. A.G. 32:271 (habit). Var. Schirn- 

 hfiferi, Rosenth., with double yellowish red fls. W.I.G. 

 1882:101. Var. pumila, Dipp., dwarf form. Var. um- 

 braculifera, Rehd., with compact round head. M.D.G. 

 1903:188. Var. pyramidalis, Nichols., with compact, 

 narrow, pyramidal head. Var. laciniata, Leroy (var. 

 dissecta, Hort., var. heterophylla, Hort.), Ifts. laciniate. 

 Var. incisa, Dipp. Lfts. short and broad, deeply and 

 doubly serrate to ineisely lobed. Var. Henkelii, Hen- 

 kel, is little different, only the Ifts. are narrower and 

 the habit more pyramidal. Var. variegata, Loud., Ivs. 

 variegated with yellow. Var. Memmingeri, Bean. Lvs. 

 sprinkled with white. The horse-chestnut is one of the 

 most popular of shade trees on the continent of Eu- 

 rope, and is also much planted along roads and in 

 parks and private grounds in this country. It is partic- 

 ularly adaptable for bowers and places where seats 

 are desired, as the top stands heading-in and makes a 

 very dense shade. It is the first of all shade trees to 

 burst into leaf. When smaller, more formal trees are 

 desired, var. umbraculifera should be planted. The 

 double-fld. forms are to be recommended for the longer 

 duration of their fls. and for the absence of the fr. which 

 is of great, often annoying, attraction to the small boy. 

 In dry situations, the planting of the horse-chestnut 

 should be avoided, as the foliage is likely to suffer, 

 particularly in dry seasons, from drought and heat. 



