APPLE 



APPLE 



315 



250. Hubbardston. (X'/t) 



for the scab before the buds swell. Since there are 

 insects (as canker-worms, case-bearers, bud-moth) 

 that appear before the flowers open, it is advisable to 



add arsenical poison to 

 the fungicide at the 

 early spraying. The 

 number of times to 

 spray depends on the 

 thoroughness of the 

 work, the pests to be 

 combated, and the sea- 

 son; but it is a good 

 rule to expect to spray 

 with the combined 

 fungicide and insecti- 

 cide mixture when the 

 buds burst, and again 

 when the petals have 

 fallen. In the plains 

 country, less spraying 

 may be necessary for 

 the fungous diseases. 



The apple commonly 

 bears on spurs. The 

 fruit -bud is dis- 

 tinguished by its 

 greater size (usu- 

 ally somewhat 

 thicker than its 

 branch), its greater 

 width in propor- 

 tion to its length, 

 and more conspicu- 

 ous pubescence. It 

 is also distinguished 

 by its position. A 

 fruit-bud is shown 

 in Fig. 239. A fruit- 

 scar is shown near 

 the base of the 

 branch. If this fruit 

 was borne in 1912, 

 the side branch 

 grew in 1913 from 

 a bud which came 

 into existence in 

 1912. If we go back 

 to the spring of 

 1912, the matter 

 can be made 

 plain. A clus- 

 ter of flow- 

 ers appeared. 

 One flower 

 set a fruit 



254. Rome Beauty. ( X Yt) 



(Fig. 240). This apple is at the end of the branchlet 

 or spur. The spur cannot increase in length in the same 

 axis. Therefore, a bud appears on the side (Fig. 241). 

 The fruit absorbs the 

 energies of the spur. 

 There is little nourishment 

 left for the bud. The bud 

 awaits its opportunity; 

 the following year it grows 

 into a branchlet and 

 makes a fruit-bud at its 

 end (Fig. 239) ; and thereby 

 there arises an alternation 

 in fruit-bearing, although 

 not all alternating in fruit- 

 bearing may be attributed 

 to this cause. The differ- 

 ence between fruit-buds 

 and leaf -buds becomes ap- 

 parent when the buds 

 burst (Fig. 242). 



The apple is budded 

 or root-grafted on com- 

 mon apple seedlings. 

 These seedlings are usu- 

 ally grown from seeds se- 

 cured from cider mills. 

 In the East, budded trees 

 are preferred. In the 

 upper Mississippi Valley, 

 root-grafted trees are pre- 

 ferred, largely because 

 own-rooted trees of known 

 hardiness can be secured. 

 In Russia, seedlings of 

 Pyrus baccate are used as 

 stocks. They prevent 

 root-killing, and give ear- 

 lier fruit-bearing. Apple 

 trees are usually planted 

 when two or three years 

 old. 



Apples are dwarfed by 

 working them on various 

 kinds of Paradise and 

 Doucin stocks. These 

 stocks are merely natu- 

 rally dwarf forms of the 

 common apple, and which, 

 in some remote time, have 

 originated probably from 

 seeds. Dwarf apples are 

 much grown in Europe, 

 where small-area cultiva- 

 tion and wall-training are 



256. Stayman (Winesap). 



(XH) 



255. Wealthy. (XJi) 



252. Northern Spy. (XK) 



253. Rhode Island Greening. (XJi) 



257. York Imperial. (XM) 



