APPLE 



APPLE 



325 



RANK OP MID-CONTINENTAL STATES IN YIELD OP 

 APPLES. Fig. 274. 



Record included with other states. 



RANK OP MID-CONTINENTAL STATES IN NUMBER OP 

 ORCHARD TREES IN CENSUS YEAR 1909. Fig. 275. 



Apple belts. 



In comparing the great apple-growing regions of the 

 continent it is convenient to designate each by its lead- 

 ing variety. In the eastern part of the continent, 

 there is the Fameuse or Wealthy belt on the north, the 

 Ben Davis belt on the south, and the Baldwin belt 

 lying intermediate between these two. It is seen that 

 varieties differ greatly as to their adaptability to differ- 

 ent regions. The degree of soil aeration and of soil 

 moisture and the range of atmospheric and soil tem- 

 peratures are 

 among the most 

 important deter- 

 mining factors 

 of the geographi- 

 cal range of com- 

 mercial apple- 

 growing with 

 any variety. 



Passing west- 

 ward into the 

 mid- continental 

 region, it is 

 found that the 

 Baldwin belt 

 does not extend 

 west of Lake 

 Michigan. The 

 climatic ex- 

 tremes are here 

 too severe for 

 that variety and 

 many of its east- 

 ern associates of 



274. Apple areas in the Mississippi Valley a similar degree 

 Yields, 1909 crop. of hardiness. In 



all that vast territory which extends westward from 

 the Great Lakes, these varieties disappear and do not 

 again appear till the states of the Pacific Coast are 

 reached. Instead, the Wealthy belt extends southward 

 till it reaches the region where Wealthy yields leadership 

 to Ben Davis. 

 In this connec- 

 tion it is worthy 

 of note that 

 from the Atlan- 

 tic Coast west- 

 ward to the Mis- 

 souri River the 

 north margin of 

 the Ben Davis 

 belt approxi- 

 mately coincides 

 with the south- 

 ern boundary of 

 the geological 

 area covered by 

 the Wisconsin 

 drift. (Fig. 273.) 

 Wealthy belt. 

 The mid-con- 

 tinental terri- 

 tory in which 

 Wealthy is, gen- 



275. Apple areas in the Mississippi Valley 

 Trees. 



erally speaking, 

 the leading va- 

 riety, includes 

 northern Illinois, the north half of Iowa, and prac- 

 tically all of the apple-growing districts of Wisconsin, 

 Minnesota, South Dakota, and northern Nebraska. 

 Among the more important varieties associated 

 with it are, for the more northern parts, Oldenburg, 

 Okabena, Patten (Patten Greening), and Malinda. 

 Among the very hardiest of the large-size apples for 

 the North are those of the Hibernal group, but tneir 

 fruit is so austere that it is esteemed of little value 

 except for culinary uses. In the southern part of the 

 Wealthy belt are grown hardy varieties of more or less 

 local value such as Salome, Windsor, Black Annette, 

 and Colorado Orange, varieties which as yet have not 

 established themselves in the great world markets but 

 which are valued where better varieties cannot be 

 satisfactorily grown. 



Ben Davis belt. Generally speaking, Ben Davis is the 

 leading variety in central and southern Illinois, the 

 south half of Iowa, and the apple-growing districts of 

 Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and the south 

 half of Nebraska. With its close kin, the Gano and the 

 Black Ben Davis, which evidently are highly-colored 

 bud-sports of Ben Davis, it probably produces at least 

 one-half of the commercial apple-crop in this region. 

 Winesap arid Jonathan appear to be next in order of 

 importance, with Winesap perhaps in the lead. Other 

 important varieties are Grimes, Rome Beauty, Willow 

 (Twig), Missouri (Pippin), Minkler, and Rails. York 

 Imperial is gaining ground. Stayman Winesap is one 

 of the newer kinds which will be more largely planted. 

 Delicious, also, is attracting attention, particularly 

 because of its agreeable dessert quality and good 

 appearance. The Stayman and Delicious are being 

 planted to some extent in the southern part of the 

 Wealthy belt, as Jonathan and Grimes have been. 



Varieties. 



The following varieties of apples are those most com- 

 monly grown in the prairies and plains regions: 



Arkansas (Mammoth 



Black Twig). 

 Ben Davis. 

 Black Ben Davis. 

 Gano. 



Grimes Golden. 

 Ingram. 



Jonathan. Salome. 



Minkler. Stayman. 



Missouri. Wealthy. 



Oldenburg. Willow(WiliowTwig). 

 Rails (Rails Genet, Winesap. 



Geniton). Yellow Transparent. 



Rome Beauty. York (York Imperial). 



