364 



ARBORICULTURE 



ARBORICULTURE 



trees 8 inches in diameter, 35 feet high, than one tree 16 

 inches in diameter, 35 feet high. From three smaller trees 

 there will result a wider mass of foliage, and it will be 

 easier for those not equipped with large tree-moving 

 apparatus to handle the three smaller trees. 



If the earth is dissected out from the roots, two trees 

 8 inches in diameter could be carried by one team. 

 They can be loaded on a low stone truck or handy 

 wagon, the trunks of the trees resting on two benches 

 which lessens the breakage of roots and top. Trees 

 can be loaded by the men, the tree being tipped 

 over on the truck which stands beside the hole. 



9 feet in diameter with trees 10 to 18 inches, on a low 

 truck consisting of a platform hung under four heavy 

 wheels, the tree being lashed fast to a collar and pole 

 on the rear axle, and pulled over to the rear and then 

 the platform chained fast to the rear axle. The roots 

 outside the ball are usually cut off. With elm trees 

 carrying a slender top this method succeeds, although 

 the trees are often slow in recovering. It succeeds 

 with maples, but they are likely to grow slowly or die 

 back until the tree reestablishes a balance, after 

 several years. 



Deciduous trees can be moved in midsummer in full 



, 



331. Diagram to illustrate the operation in the removal of a large tree for transplanting. 



The tree IB shifted into position by the men lift- 

 ing on the trunk, or it may be lifted by a shear pole 

 derrick or single pole. Many people hesitate about 

 moving large trees and wait fifteen years for a result 

 they could easily secure in this manner, by collecting 

 wild trees in the vicinity. 



Root-pruning a year in advance may aid in moving 

 a tree, but is not essential. If a trench is to be dug at 

 a radius of 4 feet all the way around a tree 10 inches in 

 diameter, it is better to move the tree with a wider 

 spread of roots and take good care of it. A root- 

 pruned tree is likely to be neglected and suffer for mois- 

 ture. The tree can be root-pruned three-quarters of 

 the way around for one season and perhaps be in better 

 condition for moving. This is more likely to be bene- 

 ficial with a tree with long coarse roots and with few 

 fibers in the center, like a black oak. A mistake is 

 frequently made in assuming that a ball of earth is all 

 that is essential, regardless of the amount of fibrous 

 roots in the ball and .of its area to gather rainfall as 

 compared with the top. Frequently trees dug around 

 the roots cut off at a diameter of 10 feet, have the 

 tree-mover sent for when they should have a spread of 

 roots of 30 feet. The ball-of-earth method with decidu- 

 ous trees usually consists in carrying a ball of earth 7 to 



leaf. Norway maples 7 inches in diameter were well 

 watered to fill them with sap; the next day they were 

 dug with roots spreading 15 feet, leaving a ball of earth 

 5 feet in diameter in the center. The tree was tipped 

 back and a platform or stone boat moved under, on 

 which it was moved. After planting the trees were 

 watered about four times, once in ten days. The ball 

 of earth became dry very quickly. The bundles of outer 

 roots did not send out fibers for about two weeks. 

 Trees with less fibers in the center would probably 

 not succeed so well. See also Drainage and Evergreens 

 for further discussion. HENRY HICKS. 



Types of insect injury to trees. 



Trees of all sorts are liable to injury by many kinds of 

 insects, so many indeed that it is difficult to present a 

 satisfactory account of their depredations without going 

 into great detail. A few insects stand out preeminently, 

 however, among the more common and widespread tree 

 pests and a selected series of these will serve as examples 

 of the various ways in which the trees may be injured 

 by these animals. 



Destructive forest- or shade-tree insects may be 

 grouped into two classes, according to the way in which 



show how and where the digging 



332. Diagram to 



