392 



ARIS^MA 



ARISTOLOCHIA 



tuberous roots, and a spathe rolled in or convolute 

 about the spadix below, and often arched over it: fls. 

 unisexual, the pistillate on the lower part of the spadix, 

 and each consisting of a 1-loculed ovary, and generally 

 ripening into a showy berry. Some species are native, 

 and several of them are hardy in the open; others are 

 cult, under cover, as recommended for Arum (which 

 see). Monogr. by Engler in De Candolle's Mono- 

 graphise Phanerogamarum, Vol. II. 



A. Lfls. 7-11. 



Dracontium, Schott. DRAGON-ROOT. Sending up a 

 solitary If. 1-2 ft. high, pedately divided into oblong- 

 lanceolate pointed 

 Ifts. : spadix long- 

 pointed and pro- 

 jecting beyond the 

 greenish spathe: 

 scape much shorter 

 than the If. Low 

 grounds in E. 

 Amer. Occasion- 

 ally grown in 

 borders and rock- 

 work. 



374. Jck-in-the-PuIpit, Arisajma 

 triphyllum. ( X }i) 



AA. Lfls. 3. 

 triphyllum, Torr. 

 JACK-IN-THE-PUL- 

 PIT. INDIAN TUR- 

 NIP. Fig. 374. 

 Usually dioecious: 

 Ivs. usually 2, with 

 ovate or elliptic- 

 ovate Ifts.: spadix 

 club - shaped and 

 covered by the 

 arching purplish 

 spathe. Common 

 in woods. V. 14 : 179. Tuber or corm flattish and large, 

 very acrid, often employed as a domestic remedy. Ber- 

 ries red and showy, ripening in early summer. Planted 

 in a moist, shady place, the Ivs. remain until fall; but 

 in exposed places they die down early in summer. This 

 and the last are very interesting native plants of easy 

 cult., prop, by tubers and by seeds. 



fimbriatum, Mast. FRINGED CALLA. Lf. solitary, 

 the petiole a ft. or less high, sheathed below; Ifts. broad- 

 ovate and acuminate, short-stalked: scape as long as 

 the petiole, bearing a large, purple-limbed, white- 

 streaked, long-pointed spathe: spadix ending in a long 

 and gracefully drooping, feather-like appendage. E. 

 Indies. G.C. II. 22:689; III. 15:763. B.M. 7150. Mn. 

 8, p. 59. G. 25 : 626. A handsome and striking pot-plant, 

 blooming in summer. Grows in rich soil. Dry off the 

 tuber when the Ivs. turn yellow after flowering, and 

 keep dry in sand or earth until spring. 



Other species are: A. antimalum, Hems!. Lfts. 3, broad-ovate, 

 acuminate: spathe small, purplish and streaked, arching over 

 the short spadix: suggests A. triphyllum. Malaya. B.M. 7211. 

 A. condnnum, .Schott. Lf . solitary, with 10 or more Ifts. : spathe 

 colored, tailed. India. B.M. 5914. A. curvalum, Hook.=A. 

 tortuosum. A. Farglsii, Bouchet. Spathe striped longitudinally 

 with broad purple-brown bands alternating with bands of silvery 

 white. W. China. A. flAvum, Schott. Lvs. pedate: spathe 

 green to yellow. Himalaya. B.M. 7700. A. galaUum, N. E. Br. 

 Lf. solitary, with 3 If ts. : spathe purple inside. India. B.M. 6457. 

 A. Griffilhii, Schott. Lvs. 2; Ifts. 3. nearly orbicular: spathe very 

 large with a spreading and wrinkled limb several inches broad, and 

 rich purple with green veins. India. B.M. 6491. -One of the hand- 

 somest of all arissemas. A.japbnicum, Blume. Lvs. pedate: spathe 

 green, white striped. B.M. 7910. A. nepenthmdes, Mort. Lf. pedate, 

 of 5 narrow If ts. : spathe auricled. India. B.M. 6446. A. ringens, 

 Schott. Lfts. 3, ovate-acuminate: spathe purple, arched. Japan. 

 Perhaps hardy in the open. Gn. 37, p. 577. G. 17:182. A. Sie- 

 bdldii, De Vriese.=A. ringens. A.specidaum, Mort. Lfts. 3: spathe 

 large and very dark purple: spadix with a very long, string-like tip. 

 India. Gn. 37:576. B.M. 5964. G.C. II. 12:585. A. tartutiaum, 

 Schott. Lvs. usually 2, with several or many Ifts.: spathe purple 

 outside; spadix long-tailed but erectish, greenish. India. B.M. 

 5931 (as A. curvatum). A. utile. Hook. Lvs. 2. with 3 crenate Ifts.: 

 spathe reddish, green-ribbed; spadix purple: tubers eaten by natives 



in India. B.M. 6474.^. tiruiifldrum, Franch., has recently been 

 offered in Eu., from China. It has pedate Ivs., and a striped 

 spathe. A. Wrnyi, Hemsl. Lf. solitary, pedate, the Ifts. lanceolate: 

 spathe green or whitish; spadix slender, recurved. India. R M 



L. H. B. 



ARISARUM (old Greek name). Ar&cex. Three or 

 four variable species of arum-like plants of the Medi- 

 terranean region. Differs from Arissema, its nearest 

 ally, in having the margins of the spathe connate rather 

 than convolute, and in other technical characters. For 

 culture, see Arum. 



vulgare, Targ. (Arum Arisarum, Linn.). A foot high: 

 Ivs. cordate or somewhat hastate, long-stalked : spathe 

 purple, incurved at the top. Has many forms and 

 names. Can be grown in the open with protection. 



A. probosddewn, Savi. Lvs. hastate; scape less than half the 

 petiole: spathe 1-1 % n - long, pale gray, with a long olive ciil ,', t; 

 in., the mouth of spathe small, olive-purple. Italy. B.M <iti:;i 



G-W.5.P.512. GEORGE V. NASH.! 



ARISTfeA (name refers to the stiff leaf-points). Iri- 

 d&cex. Mostly blue-flowered spring- or summer-bloom- 

 ing greenhouse herbs or sub-shrubs, and grown in the 

 open far south. 



Leaves distichous in basal rosettes, those on the st. 

 alternate: fls. clustered in spikes, not lasting; the 

 perianth with a short tube and oblong, spreading, 

 nearly equal segms. that twist up spirally after flower- 

 ing; stamens short-stalked, borne on the throat of 

 perianth-tube: fr. an oblong or cylindrical 3-valved 

 caps. About 30 species in Afr. Of easy cult. Prop, by 

 seeds and division. Not showy. 



Ecklonii, Baker. Herb. 1}^ ft.: Ivs. linear but not 

 rigid, 18 in. or less long: fls. in many clusters that form 

 a loose panicle with a flattened rachis; limb of blue 

 perianth }^in. long: caps, cylindrical, less than 1 in. long. 

 Cape Colony. Reported in Calif., where it is said to 

 make dense dark green clumps, with Sisyrinchium-like 

 fls. in spring. 



fruticdsa, Pers. (Nivenia fruiicosa, Baker). Dwarf 

 shrub: st.-lvs. linear, 2 in. or less long: fls. in a single 

 cluster; perianth blue, the tube J^in. long. Cape 

 Colony. L. j[. g 



ARISTOLOCHIA (named for supposed medicinal 

 virtues). Arislolochiacex, BIRTHWORT. Perennial herbs 

 or shrubs, many climbing, remarkable for the very odd- 

 shaped flowers, some species grown in the open, but 

 most of them culti- 

 vated as odd glass- 

 house subjects. 



The corolla is 

 wanting, but the 

 calyx is corolla-like, 

 tubular, mostly vari- 

 ously bent, and com- 

 monly tumid above 

 the ovary and con- 

 tracted at the mouth, 

 superior; stamens 

 commonly 6, short 

 and adnate to the 

 style, which is fleshy 

 and lobed: fr. a 

 naked 6-valved caps. ; 

 seeds flat. About 

 180 species of warm 

 and temperate regions throughout the earth; mostly 

 woody twiners. Many species are evergreen. The 

 tender species are cult, for the strikingly irregular 

 and grotesque fls. The fls. are usually fetid in odor, 

 often very disagreeable. Many species are grown in 

 botanic gardens and in the collections of fanciers, but 

 those usually cult, or planted are to be found in the 

 treatment which follows. 



These plants are mostly climbing vines, A. macro- 



375. Aristolochia macrophylla. ( X H) 



