454 



BARBAREA 



BARR1NGTONIA 



471. Barbarea vulgaris. 



BARBAREA (from the old name, Herb of Saint Bar- 

 bara). CrwAferx. Hardy biennials, with yellow flowers, 

 sometimes cultivated; allied to water-cress and horse- 

 radish. 



Branching leafy herbs: fls. small, yellow, clustered: 

 fr. a linear cylindrical and 4-angled pod, the valves 

 keeled. 



vulgaris, R. Br. COMMON 

 WINTER CRESS. UPLAND CRESS. 

 YELLOW ROCKET. Fig. 471. 

 Height 10-18 in.: lower Ivs. 

 lyrate, the terminal lobe round, 

 the lateral usually 1-4 pairs; 

 upper Ivs. obovate, cut-toothed 

 at the base. Eu. Asia. Cult, 

 for salad, and also a common 

 weed, making fields sulfur-yellow 

 in early spring. Native far N., 

 but apparently a settler in cen- 

 tral states. Var. variegata, Hort., 

 Ivs. splashed and mot- 

 tled with yellow, is cult, 

 as a border plant, and 

 grows freely in rich 

 soil. If the fls. are 

 picked off, st. and all, before 

 they open, the plant will be 

 practically perennial. 



prabcoz, R. Br. (B. verna, 

 Asch.). EARLY WINTER, or BELL 

 ISLE CRESS. Distinguished by 

 the more numerous divisions of 

 the Ivs. (4-8 pairs) and thick- 

 ened pedicels. Slightly cult, as a 

 winter salad, and known S. as scurvy grass. Natural- 

 ized from Eu. L. H. B.f 



BAKBE DE CAPUCIN: Chicory. 

 BARBERRY: Berberis. 



BARBIERIA (after J. B. G. Barbier, French physi- 

 cian). Jjeguminbsx. Hothouse evergreen; 1 species, from 

 Trop. Amer. Its nearest allies familiar to the horti- 

 culturist are Indigofera and Petalostemon. It is dis- 

 tinguished from these allied genera by the calyx- and 

 corolla-tubes, which are much longer than in either of 

 them. Tender evergreen shrubs, with odd-pinnate Ivs., 

 numerous entire Ifts., and awl-shaped stipules: fls. large 

 racemose, red. Prop, by seed and by cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood under a bell-jar, with bottom heat. 



pinnata, Baill. (B. polyphylla, DC. Galdclia pin- 

 nata, Pers. ClitMapolyphylla.'Pda:.). Lfts. 9-11 pairs, 

 elliptic - oblong, mucro- 

 nate, pubescent with age: 

 racemes few-fld., shorter 

 than the Ivs.; fls. 2 in. 

 long. Trop. Amer. B. 

 glabella, Hort., is probably 

 a variety. N. TAYLOR, f 



BARKERIA: Epidendrum. 



BARLERIA (J. Barrel- 

 ier, died 1673, French 

 botanist). Acanthacex. 

 Hothouse evergreen 

 shrubs. 



Fls. axillary or terminal, 

 the calyx with 4 sepals, 

 the 2 outer larger than 

 the inner; corolla - tube 

 long, its limb of 5 rounded, 

 ovate lobes. A genus of 

 150 species of tropical 

 shrubs, mostly African, 

 472. Barosma pulcheUa. sometimes seen in fine col- 



lections of stove plants, but not offered in the Ameri- 

 can trade. Prop, by cuttings of young wood, under a 

 bell-jar with bottom heat. B. cristata, Linn., with 

 purplish blue fls., or rarely white, in dense spikes, is 

 sometimes used as a bedding plant. B. strigosa, Willd., 

 with subcoriaceous Ivs., somewhat strigose, and large 

 blue fls. in terminal spikes, is not uncommon in botanic 

 garden collections. Worthy of greater notice. 



N. TAYLOR. 



BARLEY. Various kinds of Hdrdeum of the Gra- 

 minece. Common barley is H. sativum, Jess. According 

 to Hackel, it "undoubtedly originated from H. xpnn- 

 tdmeum, C. Koch, which grows wild from Asia Minor 

 and Caucasian countries to Persia and Beloochistan, as 

 well as in Syria, Palestine, and Arabia Petnea." The 

 common barley has a 4-rowed ear or head. There are 

 also 2-rowed and 6-rowed races, and other well-marked 

 forms. They are probably all domestic forms of one 



parent stock. For fuller treatment, see Cyclo. 



Amer. Agric., Vol. II, p. 202. 



BAROSMA (heavy scent). Rvtiicex. A group 

 of 15 species of S. African heath-like shrubs. 

 Fls. on axillary twigs; calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted; 

 petals 5, oblong, usually subsessile; stamens 5, alterna- 

 ting with 5 staminoidea: Ivs. mostly opposite, rarely 

 in 3's. Some of the species furnish the buchu Ivs. of 

 commerce, which are used in medicine for their diu- 

 retic, diaphoretic, stimulant, and tonic properties. 

 They are evergreens, and in the N. must be grown 

 under glass. Prop, by mature-wood cuttings. 



pulcheUa, Bartl. & Wendl. Fig. 472. Shrubby, 

 3-4 ft.: Ivs. scattered, ovate, with a revolute margin: 

 fls. axillary, solitary or in pairs longer than the If.; 

 petals 3 times longer than the calyx. B.M. 1357 (as 

 Diosma). Sold by some dealers, but rare in this 

 country. 



B.fcetidlsaima, Bartl. & Wendl. (Agathosma foetidissima, Hort.). 

 A low shrub, 2-3 ft.: Ivs. ternate, a little longer than the intcrnodes: 

 fls. umbellate at the ends of the branches, the petals one-half to one- 

 third longer than the calyx, white or pinkish white. Attrac- 

 tive little shrub, grown in the temperate house, but evil-smelling. 

 It often scents a whole greenhouse. jj_ TAYLOR. 



BARRINGTONIA (Daines Barrington, English 

 naturalist and antiquary, died 1800). Including 

 Stravidium. Myrlacex; placed in Lecythidacese by those 

 who keep this group as a 

 distinct family. Evergreen 

 broad-leaved trees, some of 

 which are planted in the 

 tropics for the striking foliage 

 and flowers. 



Leaves mostly large and 

 crowded at the ends of the 

 branches, entire or somewhat 

 crenate: fls. large in the cult, 

 species and striking because 

 of the numerous long and 

 protruding stamens which 

 are united in a ring; calyx- 

 tube ovoid or turbinate, 

 lobed; petals 4 or 5; ovary 

 inferior, 2-4-celled: fr. a 

 fibrous berry-like or box-like 

 structure, crowned by the 

 calyx-limb, 1-seeded by abor- 

 tion of other ovules. About 

 30 species in tropical parts 

 of Asia, Afr., and Polynesia, 

 bearing the white or reddish 

 fls. in spikes or racemes. 



speciosa, Forst (Figs. 473, 

 474), is apparently most 



planted in parts of the Ajneri- 473. Barringtonia spcios. 

 can tropics : tree wide-spread- ( x H) 



