458 



BAUHINIA 



BEAN 



robust and hardy, growing to a height of 15 ft. in less 

 than 2 years, and blooms all winter and spring. What 

 is known as B. triandra to Fla. cultivators is described 

 as a very tender species but succeeding admirably 

 there; growth like that of B. purpuren but with longer 

 willowy branches that bear at the tips great clusters 

 of pink fls. in late autumn or early winter, delicately 

 scented. 



12. variegata, Linn. Much like B. purpurea in habit: 

 tree, 6-20 fit.: Ivs. 3-4 in. across, somewhat broader 

 than long, divided one-fourth to one-third the depth, 

 9-11-nerved, lobes rounded; petiole 1-2 in. long: fls. 

 about 7, in a short raceme or corymb, 4 in. across; 

 calyx spathe-like; petals 5, clawed, obovate-oblong, 

 veined, rose-colored and variegated with red and yellow, 

 the lowest one larger, broader above the middle, 

 strongly marked with crimson: pod 1-2 ft. long. India. 

 B.M. 6818. The coloring of the fls. varies. Var. 

 c&ndida, Roxbg. (B. dlba, Bueh-Ham.). Height 12 

 ft.: fls. white, beautifully veined with green: fls. Feb.- 

 May. B.M. 7312. 



Numbers of bauhinias may be expected to appear in plantings 

 along the southern borders. The following names have already 

 occurred: B. cdndicans, Benth. Closely related to B. forficata. 

 Spicy: branchlets and racemes whitish tomentose: Ivs. pubescent 

 below, 9-nerved: petals nearly 3 in. long. Uruguay, Argentina. 

 B. Hodkeri, F. Muell. Large tree: Ifts. distinct, broad, very 

 obtuse, 5-7-nerved: fls. white, edged with crimson, in few-fld. 

 terminal racemes; petals clawed, the blade about 1H in. long. 

 Austral. B. Richardsonii, said to be from Mauritius; unidentified. 



L. H. B.f 



BAY TREE: Laurus. 



BEAN. A name applied to various plants of the Legu- 

 minbsx. The word is commonly used for herbaceous 

 plants of the Phaseolus tribe, but it is sometimes em- 

 ployed for seeds of leguminous trees and shrubs. The 

 species of true beans (Phaseolus and closely allied gen- 

 era) are yet imperfectly understood. The bean differs 

 from the pea, among other things, in being epigeal in 

 germination (cotyledons appearing above ground). 

 Some of the plants to which the name is applied are 

 really peas. 



The beans chiefly known to horticulture are of five 

 types: (1) The Broad bean (Vicia Faba), or the bean of 

 history, an erect-growing plant, producing very large 

 and usually flat, orbicular or angular seeds. Probably 

 native to southwest Asia (Figs. 478, 479 a). See Vicia. 

 These types of beans are extensively grown in Europe, 

 mostly for feeding animals. They are either grown to 

 full maturity and a meal made from the bean, or the 

 plant is cut when nearly full grown and used as forage 



or made into 

 /)] silage. The 



Broad bean 

 needs a cool cli- 

 mate and long 

 season. In the 

 United States, 

 the summers are 

 too hot and dry 

 for its successful 

 cultivation on a 

 large scale, and 

 the plant is 

 practically un- 

 known here. In 

 Canada, the 

 plant has been 

 used with corn 

 to make silage; 

 and this com- 

 bination has 

 been called the 

 "Robertson mix- 

 ture." (2) Kid- 

 ney bean (Pha- 

 478. Broad bean Vicia Fba. ( X H) seolus V ul- 



garis; Figs. 4796, 480). This is the plant which is 

 everywhere known as bean in North America, com- 

 prising all the common field, garden, snap and siring 



beans. By the 

 French it is known 

 as haricot, and by 

 the Spanish as fri- 

 jole, and these 

 words are often 

 found in our litera- 

 ture. Its nativity 

 is unknown, but is 

 probably of tropical 

 American origin. For in- 

 quiries into the nativity 

 of the bean, see DeCan- 

 dolle, Origin of Culti- 

 vated Plants; Gray & 

 TrumbulljAmer. 

 Jour.Sci.26:130; 

 Sturtevant, 

 A m e r . Nat. 

 1887:332; \\itt- 

 mack, Ber. der 

 Deutschen Bot. 

 Gesellschaft, 6: 

 374 (1888). (3) 

 Lima or Sugar 

 beans (Phaseo- 

 lunatus, which see). 

 Long-season, normally 

 tall - climbing plants, 

 producing large, flat 

 seeds (Figs. 479 c, 481). 

 Native to South Amer- 

 ica. See Bailey, Bull. 

 87, Cornell Kxp. Sta. 

 (4) Various species of 



479. Types of beans. (Natural size.) 



a. Vicia Faba. fc. Phaseolus vulgaris. c. Phaseolus lunatus. 

 d. Dolichos sesquipedalis (properly a Vigna). e. Glycine hispida. 

 /. Phaseolus multiflorus. 



Dolichos (as D. sesquipedalis of gardens), or closely 

 related things. Vines which produce very long, slender 

 pods and small, narrow beans (Figs. 479rf, 482). Nat ivc 

 to tropical America. (5) Soy, or Soja, bean ((V///n/ 

 hispida). A bushy, erect, hairy plant producing small 

 pods in clusters, and pea-like seeds (Figs. 479 e, 483). 

 In this country used mostly for forage. Native to 

 China and Japan, where it is much grown. 



Aside from these types, there are others of less econ- 

 omic importance. The Scarlet Runner type is a peren- 

 nial phaseolus (P. multiflorus), grown in this country 

 mostly for ornament '(Figs. 479/, 484). The Tepary 

 bean, now gaining prominence in the Southwest, is a 

 form of Phaseolus acutifolius, a native species. Various 

 other species of Phaseolus are also cultivated in va- 

 rious parts of the world under the name of beans. P. 

 radiatus is prized in Japan, and has been introduced 

 into the United States as Adzuki Bean (see Georgeson, 

 Bull. 32. Kan. Exp. Sta.). Vigna siitriisix, known in 

 North America as cowpea (which see), is sometimes 

 called a bean. The Velvet bean of the South is a 

 Mucuna (which see), recently, however, referred to 

 Stizolobium. The Jack bean is a Canavalia (Fig. 485). 

 Recent American studies on varieties and types of 

 beans are Irish, Rep. Mo. Bot. Card. 1901, 81-165; 



