OTHER RIVERS OF THE TERRITORY. 209 



There are also several other lakes, of greater or less extent, at difi'erent 

 points along its course. 



Perhaps no river in the world, of the same length, affords such varied 

 and picturesque scenery as does the Columbia. 



Its lakes, tunnels, cascades, falls, mountains, rocky embankments, prairies, 

 plains, bottoms, meadows, and islands, disclose an agreeable medley of wild 

 romance, solemn grandeur, and pleasing beauty, far surpassing that of any 

 other country. 



During its course it receives numerous tributaries, the most important of 

 which are the Clarke, Flat-bow, Spokan, Okanagan, Snake, Yakama, Piscous, 

 Entyatecoom, Umatilla, Quisnel, John Day, D'Chute, Cathlatates, Walla- 

 walla, Wallammette, and Cawlitz. 



The Clarke, Snake, and Wallammette rivers, seem to call for more than 

 a bare allusion. 



The former of these rises in the Rocky Mountains, near lat. 46" north, and 

 following its windings, is about five hundred and fifty miles in length. A 

 lake, some thirty miles long and eight broad, is also formed in its course, 

 about one hundred miles above its mouth. During its windings it receives 

 a large number of affluents, which unite to swell the volume of its waters 

 to the full size of its parent stream. 



The Snake, or Lewis' Fork, is equally important. It rises in lat. 42° 

 north, and, pursuing a northwesterly direction for five hundred miles, is 

 discharged into the Columbia, at lat. 46° north. This river also receives 

 several tributaries, the largest of which are the Kooskooskie and Salmon. 



The Wallamette heads in the Cascade Mountains, in Upper California, 

 near lat. 41° north, and bears a northerly course for nearly three hundred 

 and fifty miles. One hundred and twenty-five miles of this distance are 

 navigable for boats of a light draught. 



Several tributaries, both from the east and west, unite to increase its 

 magnitude and enhance its importance. 



The Umpqua, which is the next river worthy of notice below the Colum- 

 bia, has its source in the Cascade Mountains, near lat. 43° north, and run- 

 ning westerly for almost three hundred miles, is finally discharged into the 

 Pacific. Some forty or fifty miles of this distance are said to be navigable. 



South of the Umpqua a stream of nearly equal size empties into the Pa- 

 cific, called Rogue's river. This also rises in the Cascade Mountains, at 

 lat. 42° north, and is said to be navigable for boats of a light draught, some 

 seventy miles or more. 



The Chilkeelis is the first river north of the Columbia, and rises in the 

 mountains, near lat. 48° north. Pursuing a westerly course, it discharges 

 itself into the Pacific at Gray's Harbor, after flowing a distance of about 

 two hundred and fifty miles. 



Fraser's river is the extreme northern one of Oregon. It heads in the 

 Rocky Mountains, near lat 54° north, and empties into the Gulf of Georgia, 

 at lat 49° north. In its course it receives several large tributaries, and 

 pursues its way for a distance of about four hundred miles, eighty of which 

 are navigable. 



Besides those above named, there are several other streams, of less mag- 

 nitude, emptying into the Pacific at various points along its coast, all of 



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