Illustrations xiii 



FACING 

 PAGE 



DEAD-LEAF BUTTERFLY (Kallima Inachis) FROM INDIA . . . 146 



PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN A SMALL SPIDER (to the left) AND 



AN ANT (to the right) . . . . . . . . . 146 



THE WASP BEETLE, WHICH, WHEN MOVING AMONGST THE BRANCHES, 

 GIVES A WASP-LIKE IMPRESSION ....... 147 



Photo: J. J. Ward, F.E.S. 



HERMIT-CRAB WITH PARTNER SEA-ANEMONES . . . . .147 



CUCKOO-SPIT ........... 147 



Photo: G. P. Duffus. 



CHIMPANZEE, SITTING . . . . . . . . . .156 



Photo: New York Zoological Park. 



CHIMPANZEE, ILLUSTRATING WALKING POWERS . . . . .166 

 Photo: New York Zoological Park. 



SURFACE VIEW OF THE BRAINS OF MAN AND CHIMPANZEE . . . 157 



SIDE-VIEW OF CHIMPANZEE'S HEAD . . . . . . .157 



Photo: New York Zoological Park. 



PROFILE VIEW OF HEAD OF PITHECANTHROPUS, THE JAVA APE-MAN, 

 RECONSTRUCTED FROM THE SKULL-CAP . . . . . .157 



After a model by J. H. McGregor. 



THE FLIPPER OF A WHALE AND THE HAND OF A MAN . . . .157 



THE GORILLA, INHABITING THE FOREST TRACT OF THE GABOON IN 



AFRICA (Coloured Illustration) . . . . . . . .158 



"DARWIN'S POINT" ON HUMAN EAR . 160 







PROFESSOR SIR ARTHUR KEITH, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S 161 



Photo: J. Russell & Sons. 



SKELETONS OF THE GIBBON, ORANG, CHIMPANZEE, GORILLA, MAN . . 161 

 After T. H. Huxley (by permission of Messrs. Macmillan). 



SIDE-VIEW OF SKULL OF MAN AND GORILLA . . . . .164 



THE SKULL AND BRAIN-CASE OF PITHECANTHROPUS, THE JAVA APE-MAN, 

 AS RESTORED BY J. H. MCGREGOR FROM THE SCANTY REMAINS . . 164 



SUGGESTED GENEALOGICAL TREE OF MAN AND ANTHROPOID APES . 165 



THE GIBBON is LOWER THAN THE OTHER APES AS REGARDS ITS SKULL 

 AND DENTITION, BUT IT is HIGHLY SPECIALIZED IN THE ADAPTATION OF 

 ITS LIMBS TO ARBOREAL LIFE . . . . . . .166 



Photo: New York Zoological Park. 



