180 The Outline of Science 



factors in the world are clear ideas in the minds of energetic men 

 of good will. The differences in bodily and mental health which 

 mark races, and stocks within a people, just as they mark indi- 

 viduals, are themselves traceable back to germinal variations or 

 mutations, and to the kind of sifting to which the race or stock 

 has been subjected. Easygoing conditions are not only without 

 stimulus to new departures, they are without the sifting which 

 progress demands. 



As to PLACE, it is plain that different areas differ greatly in 

 their material resources and in the availability of these. More- 

 over, even when abundant material resources are present, they 

 will not make for much progress unless the climate is such that 

 they can be readily utilised. Indeed, climate has been one of the 

 great factors in civilisation, here stimulating and there depressing 

 energy, in one place favouring certain plants and animals impor- 

 tant to man, in another place preventing their presence. More- 

 over, climate has slowly changed from age to age. 



As to WORK, the form of a civilisation is in some measure 

 dependent on the primary occupations, whether hunting or fish- 

 ing, farming or shepherding; and on the industries of later ages 

 which have a profound moulding effect on the individual at least. 

 We cannot, however, say more than that the factors of human 

 progress have always had these three aspects, Folk, Place, Work, 

 and that if progress is to continue on stable lines it must always 

 recognise the essential correlation of fitter folk in body and mind ; 

 improved habits and functions, alike in work and leisure ; and bet 

 tered surroundings in the widest and deepest sense. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



DARWIN, CHARLES, Descent of Man. 

 HADDON, A. C., Races of Men. 

 HADDON, A. C., History of Anthropology 

 KF.ANE, A. H., Man Past and Present. 

 KEITH, ARTHUR, Antiquity of Man. 



