Photo; J. J. Ward. 



LARVA OF COLORADO 

 BEETLE ENLARGED 



Out of the egg of the potato- 

 beetle (Doryphora decemlineata} 

 there comes a reddish "hard 

 grub," with strong head and 

 legs, active habits, and a large 

 appetite. The posterior part of 

 the body is very convex above. 

 After feeding on the potato 

 leaves for a fortnight or so, the 

 larvae become yellow pupae in 

 the ground. From the pupa in 

 about ten days the beetle 

 emerges. About a month alto- 

 gether is required for the devel- 

 opment of the egg into a perfect 

 beetle. Thus there may be 2-4 

 broods in a season. The adults 

 spend the winter in a resting 

 state underground. 



Photo: J, J, Ward. 



COLORADO BEETLE ENLARGED AND DISPLAYED 

 TO SHOW THE WINGS AND THE WING-COVERS 



The adult female is a little under half an inch in length. 

 There are five longitudinal stripes on each wing-cover, and 

 to this the name decemlineata ( io-lined} refers. The female 

 lays 500-1,000 eggs in a season; 10-40 at a time, in clusters 

 on the under side of the potato-leaves. Before the cultiva- 

 tion of the -potato was extended westwards in North 

 America, the potato-beetle fed on a kind of nightshade or 

 sand-bur (Solatium nostratum) belonging to the same genus 

 as the potato. The beetle began spreading about 1859, 

 and by 1874 it had reached the Atlantic coast in many 

 places which meant an average annual rate of about 88 

 miles. ^_j________ M ^ !___ 



Photo: J. J. Ward. 



<;IPSY MOTH (Ocneria dispai) 



The male above, the female below. This European Moth 

 was introduced by accident into North America about 1869; it 

 has gradually multiplied to a very serious extent, and remains 

 an unconquered pest. The caterpillars defoliate the trees. 

 A near relative of the Gipsy Moth is the Nun. which is very 

 destructive in some European forests. 



