Photo: F. R. Hinkins & Son. 



HAZEL STEMS STRANGLED BY HONEYSUCKLE 



The Hazel stem grows thicker in the parts not encircled by 

 the honeysuckle and so assumes this twisted appearance. The 

 inter-relation here is not one of parasitism in any way. The 

 honeysuckle is simply using the hazel as a support by which it 

 can raise itself to the light and the free air. In the Tropics, 

 giant trees are killed by the similar action of the lianes, which 

 are a very characteristic feature of the forest vegetation. 



Photo: J. J. Ward. 



THE LIVER-FLUKE THE CAUSE 

 OF "LIVER-ROT" IN SHEEP 



(Magnified about 4 times.) 



This leaf-like or trowel-like flat 

 worm , technically called Fasciola or 

 Distomum hepaticum, is about an inch 

 long by half an inch across at its broad- 

 est. It has the thickness of stout brown 

 paper. It varies a little in colour, e.g. 

 reddish-brown or greyish-yellow. The 

 adult is found in the liver of the sheep 

 (occasionally in cattle, deer, horses, and 

 other mammals), and it feeds on the 

 blood. The juvenile stages are passed 

 in the small freshwater snail Limncca 

 truncatula a good instance of the inter- 

 Unking of lives. 



