Photo: reproduced by courtesy of Mcrryweather f Sons, London. 



A MOTOR FIRE-PUMP WITH CHEMICAL FIRE-ENGINE AND FIRE-ESCAPE 



The up-to-date Fire-engine is, of course, motor driven, and it is frequently arranged not only to combine a powerful pump which is 

 driven through the agency of the propelling motor, but also to carry a Fire-escape and a Chemical Fire-engine equipment. In the 

 above illustration the Chemical Engine is fitted immediately behind the driver's seat. The point of this ingenious invention is to charge 

 the projected water with carbonic acid gas. This gas is generated in a closed cylinder by mixing sulphuric acid with water containing 

 bicarbonate of soda in solution, or it is compressed to a high degree in a separate steel cylinder. The water being projected on a fire 

 releases the gas, which, being much heavier than air, lies like a blanket on the burning material, keeps out the oxygen, and quickly 

 subdues the flames. The Chemical Engine can be brought into use immediately the scene of action is reached and will frequently 

 extinguish a fire of ordinary dimensions with a minimum water damage, the powerful pump at the rear of the chassis being available 

 for larger conflagrations. 







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Photo: J. J. Ward. 



NATURE'S TRANSFORMATIONS OF WATER 



Here we have the water-vapour of the air falling as frozen snow, then thawed into running water, and again frozen into icicles. 



