X TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 



CHAPTER ELEVENTH. 



PECULIAR MODES OF REPRODUCTION 339 



SECTION I. 

 Gemmiparous and Fissiparous Reproduction .... 339 



SECTION II. 

 Alternate and Equivocal Reproduction 348 



SECTION III. 

 Consequences of Alternate Generation 348 



CHAPTER TWELFTH. 



METAMORPHOSES OF ANIMALS 353 



CHAPTER THIRTEENTH. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS . . . 363 



SECTION I. 

 General Laws of Distribution -. 363 



SECTION II. 



Distribution of the Faunas 369 



1. Arctic Fauna, 371 2. Temperate Faunas, 373 Tropical 

 Faunas, 377. 



SECTION III. 

 Conclusions 380 



CHAPTER FOURTEENTH. 



GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ANIMALS ; OR, THEIR DISTRIBUTION 



IN TIME 390 



SECTION I. 

 Structure of the Earth's Crust 390 



SECTION II. 



Ages of Nature 396 



The Palaeozoic Age, 397 The Secondary Age, 402 The 

 Tertiary Age, 414 The Modern Epoch, 415 Conclusion, 417. 



he m<t important Authors who may be consulted in 



to the Subjects treated in this Work . . . 419 

 GLOSSARIAI. INDMX . 421 



