DOESAL YERTEBE.E. 



129 



Fig. 1 10 is the avis or second vertebra of the neck, with the 



Fig. 110. 



round tooth-like process (A-) rising from 

 its centrum (1) ; from the extremity of 

 process two strong ligaments pass 

 obliquely outwards, to be attached to 

 the occipital bone ; (2) is the articular 

 surface, which plays on a like process 

 of the atlas (fig. 109, 3). 



The seventh vertebra (fig. Ill) differs 

 from the other cervical, in being larger, having the transverse 



Fig. 111. 



processes (4, 4) single, with a hole in 

 each for the transmission of the vertebral 

 veins ; constituting a transition to the 

 typical form met with in the middle re- 

 gion of the thorax. 



[ 255. THE DOESAL YEETEBE^: (figs. 

 112 and 113) diminish in size from the 

 first to the fourth or fifth, from which 

 they increase to the twelfth, which is the 

 largest of all. The centrum (1, a, 6,) is 

 longest in the antero-posterior direction ; 

 the parapophyses (4, 4,) are short and stout, and the neurapo- 



Fig. 112. 



Fig. 113. 



physes (6) 

 broad, and 

 inclined to 

 form a 

 complete 

 osseous tile- 

 like case for 

 protecting 

 the spinal 

 cord ; the 

 neural spine 

 (5) is long, 

 and direct- 

 ed obliquely downwards, terminating in a tubercle for muscular 

 attachment. The number of the dorsal vertebrse corresponds with 

 the number of the ribs, which in man amounts to twelve pair. 

 Fig. 1 1 4 shews the articulation of the xth, xith, and xnth 

 dorsal vertebrse, and the changes of form which the centrum and 



