430 



INDEX. 



Epithelium, the thin membrane 

 which covers the mucous mem- 

 branes : it is analogous to the epi- 

 derm of the skin. 



Epizo v a (Gr. ETTI, upon ; %u>ov, ani- 

 mal), the class of low organised 

 parasitic crustaceans which live 

 upon other animals. 



Errat'ics, rolling stones, 684. 



Eusta'chian tube, the, 146. 



Excrto-moHory, the function of the 

 nervous system, by which an im- 

 pression is transmitted to a cen- 

 tre, and reflected so as to produce 

 the contraction of a muscle with- 

 out sensation or volition. 



Exog'enous, increasing by outward 

 addition, as in the case of most 

 trees, 74. 



Exosmose v (Gr. f, out of; oOso, I 

 expel), the act in which a denser 

 fluid is expelled from a membra- 

 nous sac by the entry of a lighter 

 fluid from without, 411,413*. 



Exu x vium (Latin, the skin of a ser- 

 pent), the skin which is shed in 

 moulting. 



Exu x vial, any part which is moulted. 



Eye, the, 121 129; dioptrics of 

 the human, 130 134 ; simple, 

 135 140; aggregate, 141; com- 

 pound, 142,143 ; rudimentary, 144. 



Eye-lids and eye-lashes, 129. 



FAC/ETTE (French), a flat surface 

 with definite boundary, 142. 



Fa cial nerve, ] 03. 



Families, a group of the animal 

 kingdom, xx. ; divided into ge- 

 nera, xx. 



Fas'cicle (Lat. fasciculus), a small 

 bundle. 



Fau'na (Latin), the animals peculiar 

 to a country, 579 ; general con- 

 siderations, 579 594 ; the arctic, 

 602 604 ; the temperate, 605 

 615 ; the tropical, 616 622 ; 

 conclusions, 623 641. 



Fe v mur (Latin), the thigh bone, 264. 



Fib'ula, the smallest of the two bones 

 of the leg, 265. 



Fil'iform (La.t.Jilum, a thread ; for- 

 ma, a shape), thread-shaped, 420. 



Fishes, the fourth division of the 

 animal kingdom, xxi. 



Fishes, 667 ; muscular system of, 

 227 ; jaws, 340; circulation, 36 7; 

 respiration, 383. 



Fishes, reign of, 659669. 



Fissip'arous (Lat. findo, I cleave; 

 pario, I produce), the multiplica- 

 tion of a species by the cleavage of 

 the individual into two parts, 510. 



Fissip'arous and gemmip'arous repro- 

 duction, 510515. 



Flabel'liform (Lat. flabellum, a fan), 

 fan-shaped. 



Flex'ors (Lat. flecto, I bend), the 

 muscles emploved in bending a. 

 limb. 



Flex'uous, a bending course. 



Flo x ra (Latin), the plants peculiar to 

 a country, 579 ; of the coal period, 

 669 ; of the oolitic period, 671. 



FluViatile (Lat. fluvius, a river), per. 

 taining to rivers. 



Flying, 300. 



Foe v tus (Latin), the animal in the 

 womb, after it is perfectly formed. 



FohVceous (Lat. folium, a leaf), 

 shaped or arranged like leaves. 



Foriicles(Lat. folliculus,a small bag) ; 

 minute secreting bags which com- 

 monly open upon mucous mem- 

 branes, 415, 421. 



Food, various methods of securing, 

 by different animals, 346349. 



Foot, the, 266268. 



Footsteps, fossil, 672. 



Foraminifera, a class of microscopic 

 radiated animals having many 

 chambered shells, the septae of 

 which are perforated. 



Formations, geological, 649 655. 



Fossilif erous (Lat. fossilis, anything 

 dug out of the earth \fero, I bear), 

 applied to the strata which con- 

 tain the remains of animals and 



