1 PISCES. 



placed more forward than the pectoral or breast-fins 

 are termed Jugulares or Jugular Fishes. Those 

 which have the ventral fins situated immediately 

 under the pectoral ones are termed Pisces thoracici, 

 or thoracic Fishes; while those which have the 

 ventral fins situated behind or beyond the pectoral 

 fins are termed Pisces abdominales or abdominal 

 Fishes. 



There still remains a particular tribe called Car- 

 tilaginous Fishes, Pisces Cartilaginei. This tribe was 

 by Linnaeus separated from the rest, and placed in 

 the class Amphibia, where it constituted the order 

 Nantes. 



This particular distribution of the cartilaginous 

 Fishes was made on a supposition of their being 

 furnished both with lungs and gills ; an idea which 

 seemed confirmed by the observations of Dr. Garden 

 of South Carolina, who, at the request of Linnaeus, 

 examined the organs of the genus Diodon, and 

 found, as he conceived, both external branchiae or 

 and internal lungs*. This idea however has 



* Branchiae horum (Nantium) pectinatae ut Piscium, sed 

 adnatae vasi arcuato cylindrico tubulose, absque radio osseo, nee 

 piscium similes, nisi externa figura > Branchiostegorum piscium 

 propria stmctura, eorum larvae singulares, foetus fere extra ovum, 

 defectus pinnarum ventralium mihi persuasere literis, a D. D. 

 Garden iu America habitante, petere, vellet dissecare Diodontis 

 respirationis organa et inquirere numne pulmones haberent : 

 stupefactus ipse dissecuit pisces, reperitque et branchias externas, 

 et pulmones internes, quos descriptos et conservatos remisit, 

 unde constitit eos annumerandos Nantibus. Lin. Syst. Nat. 

 p. 348. 



