NATURAL HISTORY AT ST ANDREWS 287 



Anatomy, whilst Professor Burdon Sanderson was appointed 

 Waynflete Professor of Physiology in 1883. Professor Rolle- 

 ston was succeeded by Professor Moseley, and on his death 

 Professor Ray Lankester held the Chair, which now dealt 

 with comparative anatomy only. Professor Thomson, who 

 had been Reader, was made Professor of Human Anatomy 

 in 1893. Most of the undergraduates of the class are nominally 

 arts' students and proceed to the B.A. degree. They begin 

 with certain classical and literary examinations (responsions 

 and an additional subject), and the natural science examina- 

 tions are included in a comprehensive Faculty of Arts. The 

 Professor of Comparative Anatomy (Zoology) is assisted by a 

 lecturer in embryology and five demonstrators, two of whom 

 are almost exclusively occupied with the foresters and the 

 agriculturists. The bulk of the zoological collections are 

 under the charge of the professor. 



Oxford has in addition the Hope Professorship of Zo- 

 ology, the holder of which has charge of the Entomological 

 collections. 



The natural history arrangements at the University of 

 Cambridge, though of comparatively recent origin, are more 

 complex. William Clark was Professor of Anatomy from 

 1817 to 1866, and such natural history as existed was taught 

 by him, assisted by Dr Drosier of Caius, to which college he 

 proved one of the greater benefactors at his death. The 

 Professorship of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy was 

 founded in 1866, Professor Alfred Newton being the first to 

 occupy the Chair, and he had the assistance of a demonstrator. 

 He was succeeded in 1907 by Professor Adam Sedgwick, and, 

 on the transference of the latter to the Imperial College of 

 Science, Professor Stanley Gardiner was appointed his 

 successor in 1909. A Chair of Animal Morphology was 

 created for Francis Maitland Balfour, the distinguished 

 embryologist, in 1882, but on his death the same year it was 

 discontinued. A university lecturer (Mr A. Sedgwick), 



