Tinospora.] IV. MENISPEKMACE^E. 9 



size of a small cherry, with glutinous pulp, scar of style near the top. En- 

 docarp kidney-shaped, albumen ruminate. 



Common in hedges in most parts of India. Fl. H.S.B..S. Long filiform 

 roots from the branches. Used in native medicine. Sold in the bazaars as 

 Gilo, Pb. ; Gulo, Bombay ; Guluncha, Bengal. 



3. COCCULUS, DC. 



Male flowers : sepals 6, biseriate ; petals 6, shorter than sepals, concave, 

 embracing the stamens ; anthers terminal, subglobose. Female flowers : 

 sepals and petals similar to those of male flowers, stamens sterile or none, 

 carpels 3. Drupes circular, compressed, generally 3, scar of style on the 

 inner side near the base, endocarp tuberculate, horseshoe-shaped. 



A small tree ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers in long axillary 



panicles 1.0. laurifolius. 



A climbing shrub ; leaves-glabrate, linear-oblong or trapezoid ; 

 flowers axillary, male sessile fascicled, female solitary short- 

 pediculate . / - . . 2. C. Leceba. 



A climbing shrub ; leaves villous, ovate-oblong, male flowers in 



short panicles, female 1-3 on short axillary panicles . . 3. C. villosus. 



1. 0. laurifolius, DC. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 101. Syn. Menispermum 

 laurifolium, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 815. Vern. Parura, Pb. ; Tilpara, 

 kikra, dal chini, N.W.P. 



Leaves lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, short -petiolate, entire, 3-nerved, 

 coriaceous, shining, dark green when young, light green when old, paler 

 beneath. Flowers numerous, small, in long branched panicles, axillary or 

 in the axils of fallen leaves ; axis of panicle frequently bearing 1 or 2 

 leaves. 



Outer Himalaya from the Ravi to Nepal, ascending to 5000 ft. An erect 

 shrub, often a considerable tree, with a short, erect, straight trunk, spreading 

 branches, and fine shining bright-green foliage. 



2. C. Leseba, DC. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 102. Syn. C. glaber, W. & A. 

 Prodr. 13. Vern. Vallur, Mar, Hilar, Pb. 



A climbing shrub, often with a stem 3-4 ft. girth ; branchlets pubescent. 

 Leaves glabrate or glabrous, oblong or trapezoid, entire or lobed, |-1J in. 

 long. Male flowers on short pedicels, in axillary panicles ; female flowers 

 solitary, on slender axillary peduncles J in. long. Drupe J in. diam. 



Dry and arid regions of India. Panjab, Sindh, Dekkan, Afghanistan, Arabia. 

 Dry regions of Africa. Fl. throughout the year. 



3. C. villosus, DC. ; Hook. Fl. Ind. i. 101. Syn. Menispermum hir- 

 sutum, Linn.; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 814. Yern. Karsane, Oudh. 



A climbing undershrub; branchlets, leaves, and inflorescence villous with 

 greyish tomentum. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse, often mucronate, 

 1-3 in. long. Male flowers in axillary panicles, 1-1 J in. long, often with 1 

 or 2 leaves. Female flowers 1-3 on axillary pedicels J- J in. long. Drupes 

 1-3, dark purple, J in. diam. 



