Zanthoxylum.] XVII. RUTACE.E. 47 



filiform funicle, and black crustaceous testa, often covered by a thin fleshy 

 epidermis ; albumen fleshy, enclosing a straight or curved embryo, with 

 round, flat, foliaceous cotyledons. 



1. Z. alatum, Eoxb. FL Ind. iii. 768. Syn. Z. hostile, Wall. Vern. 

 Timbur, tlmur, slmur, tlmru, darmar, formal, tezmal, tezbal, tiswal. 



Aculeate, with strong, smooth, nearly straight prickles on branches, 

 petioles, and midrib of leaflets, the prickles on branches often surrounded 

 at the base by a ring of cork ; 2 prickles at the base of petiole in the place 

 of stipules. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; common petiole winged ; 

 leaflets opposite, mostly 2-4 pair, sessile, lanceolate, more or less indis- 

 tinctly serrate, pellucid-punctate. Mowers small, yellow, on lateral pan- 

 icles; peduncles and pedicels pubescent; bracts small. Calyx with 6-8 

 acute segments. Petals none. Filaments 6, 7, or 8, much longer than 

 calyx. Fruit-carpels 1, 2, or 3, reniform or ovoid, on short stalks, reddish, 

 of the size of a small pea when fresh. 



Outer Himalaya, from the Indus to Bhutan, ascending to 6000 ft., Kasia 

 hills. In the N.W. Himalaya chiefly in hot valleys. Fl. April-July ; fruit 

 ripens Aug.-October. 



Usually a shrub, at times a small tree 20 ft. high, with a short, straight trunk 

 2 ft. girth, short, stiff, bushy branches, forming a small roundish thin head of 

 dark-green foliage. Every part of the plant possesses a peculiar aromatic pun- 

 gency. Bark of larger branches thin, dark brown, even, scabrous, with small white 

 specks, that of the trunk cinereous and smooth. Wood whitish, close, even- 

 grained, hard, heavy, strong, used for walking-sticks and clubs. Tooth-brushes 

 are made of the branches. The aromatic pungent fruit is used as a remedy for 

 toothache, and as a condiment ; bruised, it is put into unwholesome water to 

 make it good. The bark is used for intoxicating fish. 



Z. oxyphyllum, Edgew. Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42, a straggling shrub, often 

 climbing over tall forest - trees, has 'larger leaves; leaflets 6-8 pair, serrate; 

 common petiole not winged ; flowers in compact terminal panicles, shorter than 

 leaf. Carpels red, |- in. diam., often 4 ripening. Garhwal. Kamaon. Nepal. 

 Sikkim. Kasia. Shady forests, 6000-8000 ft. 



Zanthoxylum Clava Herculis, Linn., the prickly yellow wood of Jamaica, is 

 a large West Indian timber-tree with beautiful close-grained wood, used for 

 furniture and inlaid-work. 



2. LIMONIA, Linn. 

 Leaves alternate, imparipinnate or 3-foliolate ; leaflets opposite. Flowers 

 bisexual. Calyx 4- or 5-cleft. Petals 4 or 5, oblong, imbricate. Stamens 

 8 or 10, free; filaments subulate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 4-5-celled, on 

 an annular or elongated disc ; style deciduous ; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. 

 Fruit baccate, 1-4- celled; seeds 1-4, surrounded with mucilage; embryo 

 straight; radicle short, conical; cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex ; albumen 

 none. 



1. L. acidissima, Linn. ; W. & A. Prodr. 92. Syn. L. crenulata, 

 Eoxb. Cor. PI. t. 81, Fl. Ind. ii. 381. Vern. Beli, North-West Prov. 



Glabrous, armed with straight thorns J inch to 1 inch long, mostly 

 axillary. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; common petiole broadly winged, 

 foliaceous ; leaflets commonly 5 to 9, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, like the 

 wings of the petiole crenate and pellucid-punctate. Flowers white, 



