Citrus.] XVII. KUTACE^E. 53 



at different seasons, but principally in summer. It is a matter for further in- 

 quiry whether all kinds of Indian sweet Limes should be referred to this species 

 The sweet Limes cultivated in France and Italy are referred by Kisso and Poiteau 

 partly to G. Limetta, with white flowers, partly to G. Lumia, with the flowers 

 tinged with red. Voigt., Hort. Suburb. Calc. 142, refers the Indian sweet Lime 

 to G. Limetta. 



2. C. Aurantium, Linn. The bitter and sweet Orange, and the Berga- 

 mot. Comprises G. Aurantium, Bigaradia, Bergamia, and Limetta of 

 Kisso and Poiteau. 



Trees, rarely shrubs, bearing flowers and fruit generally at one season 

 of the year only. Young shoots glabrous, greenish white. Leaves glab- 

 rous, 3-6 in. long, elliptic or ovate, acuminate ; petioles naked or winged, 

 wings often obovate, as large as the leaf, or nearly so. Flowers pure 

 white, middle-sized, bisexual ; stamens 20-30. Fruit globose, often de- 

 pressed, generally orange-coloured, ripe in India generally Dec. -March. 



Orange-trees have been found wild or apparently wild in the Kasia hills 

 (Hooker and Thomson), between 4000 and 3000 ft., with globose fruit, winged 

 and unwinged petioles, and acute or obtuse leaves ; in Sikkim (Hooker and 

 Thomson), alt. 1000 ft., with unwinged petioles, and oblong-elliptic acuminate 

 leaves ; in Kamaon (Strachey), at Bagesar, 3000 ft., with unwinged petioles ; 

 in Garhwal (Thomson), at 2000 ft., with globose fruit, naked or marginate 

 petioles, and oblong-lanceolate acuminate leaves. 



Under this species may be classed the following cultivated kinds : 



a. The Bitter or Seville Orange. G. Bigaradia, Bisso et Poiteau. Bi- 

 garadier, French ; Arancio forte, Italian ; Pomer arize, German; Naranj, Arab. 

 Petiole generally winged ; flowers larger and more strongly scented than those 

 of the sweet Orange ; rind of fruit very aromatic ; pulp not sweet, bitter 

 or austere. Not extensively cultivated in India. Grown in large orchards on 

 the island of Sardinia, in Spain, and elsewhere in the Mediterranean region, 

 mainly on account of the flowers, from which the essential oil of Oranges is 

 distilled. In the south of Europe the bitter Orange is more hardy than the 

 sweet Orange, and this again is more hardy than the Lemon. 



b. The Sweet Orange. G. Aurantium, Bisso et Poiteau. Oranger, French ; 

 Arancio dolce, portogallo, Italian ; Portogallo; Greek ; Apfelsine, German ; 

 Nagaranga, Sans. ; Naranj, Arab. ; Narangi, naringi, sangtara, sunthura, 

 humla nebu, Hindi and Bengali. Petiole naked or winged ; pulp sweet, 

 yellow, sometimes red, in a loose or adhering rind. The sweet Orange does 

 not come to perfection in all parts of India. In Lower Bengal it does not 

 fruit at all, or does not bear freely, and the fruit is dry and austere. Calcutta 

 is supplied from the valleys of the Kasia hills north of Silhet. Delhi, Nagpore, 

 Aurungabacl, Sautgur near Vellore, and the Northern Circars, are famous for 

 their Oranges ; but there are large tracts where none or inferior kinds only are 

 produced. In India the fruit generally ripens between December and March, 

 according to the climate of the locality. A variety which flowers twice a-year 

 (Feb. and July), and yields two crops the first from November to January, 

 and the second crop in March and April is grown at Nagpore (Firminger's Gar- 

 dening, 2d ed., p. 223). The sweet Orange is grown in all parts of the Mediter- 

 ranean region, and the fruit is largely exported from Sardinia, Sicily, the Balearic 

 Islands, Spain, Portugal, and Madeira. On the Riviera, the cultivation, which 

 was very extensive in the time of Gallesio, has declined ; and in many cases 

 the bitter Orange has been substituted, the flowers of this kind being more 



