IS. 



56 XVII. EUTACE^E. [Citrus. 



name of Persian and Median apples, and was afterwards called Citrus, the 

 Latin term for Kebpos, by which the Cedar, Juniper, and other aromatic and re- 

 sinous coniferous woods, were designated, which, like the Citron, had the pro- 

 perty, or were supposed to possess the property, of keeping away insects. On 

 the other hand, the words Limone, Lime, Lemon, evidently derive their origin 

 from the Arab Limu ; and this name probably has a Sanskrit origin. The 

 Sanskrit word Nagaranga-, for Orange, is readily traced in the Arab Naranj, 

 and the European terms Aranzio, Pomeranze, Orange. Again, the word porto- 

 gallo, by which the sweet Orange is known in parts of the Mediterranean region 

 for instance, in Greece and Albania is quoted in proof of the introduction 

 of this fruit by the Portuguese, in the same way as, the German (and Russian) 

 term, Apfelsine, seems to point to its having been brought from China. 



So far regarding the westward spread of these fruits. Whether the numerous 

 varieties of Citrons and Oranges cultivated in China have originated in species 

 indigenous in that country, or whether the mountains of India are their 

 original home, and whether any fruit-trees of this genus are indigenous in the 

 Indian Archipelago or in Polynesia these are questions of great interest, which 

 call for further botanical and historical studies. My object in bringing these 

 questions forward prominently in this place is to induce others with more 

 leisure and more opportunities of observation to study a subject of great histori- 

 cal interest, which may eventually serve to bring out important results regard- 

 ing the spread and changes of arborescent species under cultivation. 



8. FERONIA, Correa. 

 Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. Flowers frequently unisexual. Calyx 

 small, 5-dentate, deciduous. Petals 5, rarely 4-6, oblong-lanceolate, 

 imbricate. Stamens 10-12 ; filaments subulate from a broad, densely 

 villous base ; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 5-celled, or 1-celled owing 

 to the slight cohesion of the axile placentas, continued into a thick oblong 

 or cylindrical style ; ovules numerous, crowded in several series. Fruit 

 globose, 1-celled, filled with pulp, with a hard rind. Seeds numerous, 

 oblong, flat ; cotyledons thick, fleshy. 



1. F. Elephantum, Correa; Eoxb. Cor. PL t. 141; Fl. Ind. ii. 411; 

 Wight Ic. t. 15 ; W. & A. Prodr. 96. Elephant- or Wood- Apple. Sans. 

 Kapittha. Yern. Bilin, kait,.kaitha, katbel. 



Glabrous, armed with strong, straight, axillary thorns. Leaflets 5-7, 

 cuneate or obovate, crenate at the top. Flowers of a dull-reddish 

 colour, in loose, lateral, or terminal leaf-bearing panicles ; axis and branches 

 pubescent, male and bisexual flowers frequently on the same panicle. 

 Fruit globose, 2 J in. diam. ; rind hard, woody, outside rough, grey- 

 coloured ; seeds embedded in a fleshy, edible pulp. 



Wild in South India ; in the Outer Himalaya and Siwalik tract, ascending 

 to 1500 ft., and extending west as far as the Ravi. Cultivated, and occasion- 

 ally wild, throughout India, but not in the plains of the Panjab. Fl. Feb.- 

 May ; the fruit ripens about Oct., and often remains long on the tree. 



A moderate-sized tree, with a symmetrical trunk, 2-4 ft. in girth, bearing an 

 elegant oval head ; leaves with a slight smell of aniseed. Bark dark grey or 

 nearly black, wrinkled, corrugated with longitudinal shallow furrows. Wood 

 yellowish or light brown, with distinct medullary rays, close-, even-, fine-grained, 

 strong, hard, 50 lb. per cub. ft., 62-65 lb. when green. Value of P. 587-660 

 (Cunningham) ; 645 (Skinner). Used for housebuilding, naves, oil-crushers, 

 and agricultural implements. Too coarse for engraving, but well adapted for 



