80 XXIV. CELASTRINEiE. [Euonymus. 



5. E. echinatus, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, ii. 410. 



Branchlets tetragonal, with 4 thick lines, decurrent from either side of 

 the petioles ; scales of buds brown, fimbriate, often persistent at the base of 

 the current year's shoots. Leaves 2-3 in. long, decurrent into short peti- 

 oles, coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, crenate or obtusely serrate, with minute 

 stipules. Cymes axillary, shorter than leaves, with 3-10 tetramerous, 

 peagreen, scentless flowers j bracts small, triangular, fimbriate. Capsules 

 globose, J in. across, beset with numerous subulate prickles, 4-valved, 

 with 4 ovoid seeds, entirely enveloped in a thin, scarlet arillus. 



In many parts of the Himalaya range, between 7000 and 12,000 ft., from the 

 Jhelam to Sikkini. Fl. in March and April ; fruit ripens about August, and 

 often remains several months hanging on the branches. Most frequently a 

 large shrub, stem and branches often climbing and trailing like ivy to a con- 

 siderable distance over trees and damp shaded rocks, attaching itself by dense 

 tufts of capillary rootlets to 2 in. long. Occasionally a small handsome tree, 

 15-20 ft. high, with a short straight trunk, 12-16 in. girth. Branches opposite, 

 smooth, ash-coloured, bark of stem light grey, with parallel longitudinal fur- 

 rows ; inner substance soft, spongy, yellow. 



2. CELASTRUS, Linn. 



Leaves alternate ; stipules minute, deciduous.. Flowers small, frequently 

 unisexual. Calyx 5-cleft. Disc flat or cup-shaped. Petals 5, usually 

 spreading. Stamens 5, inserted upon or under the margin of the disc ; 

 anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2- 3- rarely 4-celled ; 

 style short ; stigma generally lobed. Capsule globose or oblong, 3-2- or 

 1 -celled, with 1 or 2 seeds to each cell, dehiscing loculicidally. Seeds 

 often arillate, with a fleshy albumen ; cotyledons foliaceous ; radicle 

 inferior. 



Armed with axillary spines ; cymes lateral ; capsule generally 

 3-celled, 3-valved. 

 Peduncles capillary, 1-1^ in. long; leaves lanceolate . . 1. C. rufus. 

 Cymes subsessile ; leaves ovate or obovate . . . 2. C. spinosus. 



Armed with axillary spines ; cymes axillary, with divaricate 



branches ; capsule generally 2-valved, 1- or 2-celled . 3. C. senegalcnsis. 



Unarmed, climbing ; cymes in a terminal compound raceme . 4. C. paniculatus. 



1. C. rufus, Wall, in Eoxb. Fl. Ind., ed Carey, ii. 397. 



A tree, sparingly armed with axillary short spines ; wholly glabrous. 

 Leaves subcoriaceous, lanceolate, serrulate, 3-5 in. long. Peduncles nume- 

 rous, lateral, fascicled, capillary, reddish, 1-1 J in. long, bearing a dicho- 

 tomous cyme of a few small white flowers, supported on capillary pedicels. 

 Bracts lanceolate. Capsule obovate, 3-valved, 3-celled, 3-seeded. 



Himalaya from Kamaon to Bhutan, ascending to 6000 ft. Kasia hills. Fl. 

 March, April ; fruit ripe June. 



2. C. spinosus, Royle; Boissier Fl. Orient, ii. 11. Syn. Gymnosporia 

 spinosa. Vera. Dzaral, trans-Indus ; Kandu, kandidri, patdhi, lei, pliu- 

 pdri, badlo, Jcadeivar, Pb. ; Kura, bdgriwdla ddrim, gwdla ddvim (darim 

 is Pomegranate), N.W.P. 



