Zizyphus.] XXV. EIIAMNEiE. 85 



Cymes axillary and terminal, long-pedunculate, forming a large 

 thyrsus ; petals none ; kernel 1 - celled, 1 - seeded, shell 



thinly crustaceous 6. Z. rugosa. 



Drupe nearly dry ; kernel 3-celled, shell thick, hard, osseous ; 



cymes axillary, short-pedunculate 7. Z. xylopyra. 



1. Z. vulgaris, Lam. ; Eoxb. FL Ind. i. 609 j Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 12. 

 Syn. Z. flexuosa, Wall. French, Jujubier. Vern. Sinjli, Swili, ban, 

 barj, phitni, relnu, ber, kdndika, kandiari, birari, Pb. 



A small tree, glabrous ; branches brown and shining, frequently cover- 

 ed with a dull grey cuticle, flexuose or zigzag, with 2 strong stipular 

 thorns, and one or more branchlets at each bend. Thorns grey or brown, 

 shining, unequal, one straight, up to 1 in. long, or longer, the other much 

 shorter, uncinate (straight while young). Branchlets often fasciculate, slender, 

 nearly straight, with 10-30 alternate, bifarious leaves on short petioles, 

 having frequently the appearance of imparipinnate leaves. Leaves obliquely 

 ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, bluntly serrate, with 3 main basal nerves and 

 finely reticulated veins between, without any prominent secondary nerves. 

 Flowers yellowish, 2-12 on short pedicels, with small fimbriate subulate 

 bracts, fasciculate on short axillary cymes; styles 2, rarely 3, distinct 

 from base. Drupes solitary, pendulous, on short slender pedicels, ovoid 

 or oblong, obtuse at both ends, J in. to f in. long, dark red or black, 

 glabrous, shining, fleshy; kernel 2-celled, rugose; shell thick, hard, osseous. 

 Z. nitida, from China, Eoxb. 1. c. 609, is stated to have a pale yellow 

 fruit when ripe, but is otherwise very similar to Z. vulgaris. 



Wild and cultivated in the N.W. Himalaya from the Kavi to the Indus, as- 

 cending to 6500 ft. Also cultivated in the Panjab plains, in Beluchistan, and 

 Bengal. Beyond India it is found, indigenous or cultivated, in Japan and China, 

 in Western Asia, Greece, Macedonia, and North Africa. Cultivated and runs 

 wild in the south of France, Corsica, and Italy. Not quite hardy in the south 

 of England. Fl. from March-June, and the fruit ripens from September through 

 the cold season. Leafless in winter. 



In the Panjab often a shrub, in clusters or dense clumps, under favourable 

 conditions a small tree, 25-30 ft., with a short, somewhat crooked trunk, to 

 5 or 6 ft. girth, few rigid spreading boughs, and stiff branches, often unarmed, 

 the prickles having fallen off. Bark of stem dark grey, rough with longitudi- 

 nal furrows. The full-grown foliage is of a beautiful bright glossy green. The 

 leaves getting yellow before falling, impart a peculiar hue to tracts where the 

 tree is common e. g.. near the great lake of Kashmir. The leaves are subject to 

 the attacks of a small insect. About one-third of the radius of the stem is white 

 sapwood, the heartwood being dark brown. In France the wood is used for 

 cabinet-work, under the name of Acfiyou d'Afrique, sp. grav. 1.09.' Matthieu 

 Fl. Forestiere, 50. The fruit (in India) is acid, but well flavoured ; that of the 

 Mediterranean tree is sweet. Formerly officinal under the name of baccce ju- 

 iubce. The tree was known to classical writers ; in Plinius and Columella it is 

 called Zizyphus. Though it reproduces itself spontaneously in Greece and the 

 south of France, it is not originally indigenous in those countries, but was intro- 

 duced from Syria during the reign of Caesar Augustus. 



2. Z. oxyphylla, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 43. Vern. Kurkan 

 ber, Afg. ; Pitiii, kokan ber, amldi, amnia, beri, shamor, Pb. ; Gigyar, 

 N.W.P. 



