92 XXV. EHAMNEJL [Bhamnus. 



44. Vern. Bat sinjal, tundni zanani (tundni maddni (male) is Vibur- 

 num fastens), tadru, tundhi, mimarari, kunji, chaterni, Pb. 



Unarmed, the previous year's branchlets purple, young parts pubescent, 

 Leaves and branchlets always alternate. Leaves membranous, ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 in. long, serrate, with 6-10 prominent, 

 parallel, nearly straight lateral nerves on either side of midrib, on petioles 

 \ in. long ; stipules linear, early deciduous, and leaving broad scars at the 

 base of petiole. Flowers 1-5, mostly pentamerous and bisexual, in axillary 

 sessile cymes; flower-buds ovoid. Calyx flat, cup-shaped; segments trian- 

 gular ; petals none. Style short, 3-cleft nearly to the base. Drupe pear- 

 shaped, \ in. long ; seeds 2-4. 



A moderate-sized tree on the outer Himalaya ranges, from the Indus to the 

 Sarda river, between 4500 and 10,000 ft., usually in the more open parts of the 

 forests. Fl. in May and June. The fruit ripens from July-October. The small 

 bitter fruit is used as a purgative in some parts of the hills. 



2. E. triquetrus, Wall. Syn. Ceanothus triquetra, Wall. ; Fl. Ind., 

 ed. Carey, ii. 376 ; C. flavescens, Eoyle. Vern. Gulde(i) or gudle(i), 

 f agora, gardhan, phulla, Pb. ; Gogsa, ghant, ghont, N.W.P. 



Unarmed ; leaves and branchlets covered with short tomentum, always 

 alternate. Leaves generally yellow, ovate-oblong, acuminate, 3-5 in. long, 

 serrate, on petioles f in. long, with 6-10 prominent parallel, nearly straight 

 lateral nerves on .either side of midrib ; stipules subulate, deciduous. 

 Flowers generally pentamerous, in sessile, 5-20-nowered cymes, forming in- 

 terrupted racemes, frequently leaf-bearing and branched. Flower-buds 

 ovoid. Calyx turbinate, segments triangular. Petals short-clawed, emar- 

 ginate, sheathing the stamens. Style 3-4-cleft, the branches cohering 

 nearly to the apex. Durpe 3-lobed, nearly dry. Seeds on the back (the 

 side of the raphe), with a long, broad, open groove. 



Not uncommon in the Salt range and in the North- West Himalaya, between 

 3000 and 6000 ft., from the Jhelam to the Sarda river. A small tree, with grey, 

 brown, or blackish purple bark, scabrous with elevated specks. Fl. in May and 

 June. 



3. R. virgatus, Eoxb. FL Ind. i. 604. Syn. R. hirsutus, W. & A. 

 Prodr. 165 ; Wight Ic. t. 978. Vern. Phipni, dddur, tadru, seta pa jj a, 

 kdnji, mamral, sliomfol, reteo?i, gogsa, sindrol, mutni, nior, cliatr, romusk, 

 Pb. ; Tsdpo, mail, Tibet, Spiti ; Gliato, chedwala, cliadua, N.W.P. 



Branchlets generally spinescent, young parts pubescent. Leaves and 

 branchlets generally opposite. Leaves frequently fascicled on short 

 undeveloped branchlets ; lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or obovate. 

 acuminate, 1-4 in. long, narrowed into petiole |~J in. long, serrate or 

 crenate, with 3-6 arcuate and converging lateral nerves on either side of 

 midrib, the lower pair from near the base of leaf. Flowers greenish on 

 slender pedicels, 4-5-merous, crowded in the axils of fascicled leaves, or 





