196 XXXII. ROSACEA. [Prinsepia 



anther-cells separated "by a broad connective. Carpel 1, sessile, with 2 

 pendulous, collateral ovules. Drupe oblique, ' oblong-cylindrical, fleshy, 

 with a coriaceous 1-seeded kernel. Remains of style at the base of the 

 drupe. 



1. P. utilis, Royle j 111. t. 38 f. 1. Vern. Bekkar, bekkra, beJcJdi, bhekal, 

 bhigal, beJcala, haranga, N.W. Him. Local names : Gurinda, Hazara ; 

 Tatua, phulwd?'a, Rajaori ; Jlnti, Chenab ; Gherara, dhatela,jhatela, Ghar- 

 wal, Kamaon. 



Nearly glabrous, youngest branchlets only pubescent. Leaves coriace- 

 ous. Axillary spines often leaf-bearing. Flowers white in short axil- 

 lary racemes, generally from the outside base of the spines. Drupes 

 purple, seeds oily. 



Common on dry rocks at elevations between 2000 and 9000 ft. in the outer 

 Himalayan ranges from Hazara to Bhutan. Also on the Kasia hills. Generally 

 in flower in autumn, in fruit in spring. From the seeds oil is expressed, used 

 as food, and for burning. The pith of stem and branches is large, and in drying 

 separates into thin horizontal layers. Wood close-grained. 



3. RUBUS, Linn. 

 Trailing shrubs or creeping herbs, almost always prickly. Leaves alter- 

 nate, simple or compound, the stipules more or less adnate to the petiole. 

 Flowers white or red, in terminal or axillary corymbose panicles, rarely 

 solitary. Calyx broadly cup-shaped, deeply cleft into 5 persistent lobes. 

 Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle ; 

 style subterminal; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupes many, 1-seeded, 

 crowded on a dry or spongy conical receptacle. 



Leaves simple, lobed . . . . . . . . 1. R. paniculatus 



Leaves tri- or quinque-foliolate, rarely unifoliolate. 



Petiole of terminal leaflet less than half the length of common 



petiole ; fruit black 2. R. fruticosus. 



Petiole of terminal leaflet more than half the length of com- 

 mon petiole ; fruit yellow 3. R. Jiavus. 



Leaves imparipinnate, rarely trifoliolate. 



Flowers in lax corymbose panicles ; petals red, shorter than 

 calyx-lobes ; fruit white-tomentose when unripe, black 

 when ripe ; leaflets 2-5 pair . . . . . . 4. R. lasiocarpus. 



Flowers often axillary ; petals white, as long as calyx-lobes ; 



fruit oblong, red when ripe ; leaflets 1-3 pair . . 5. R. roscefolius. 



Flowers axillary ; petals white, as long as calyx-lobes ; fruit 



subglobose red or deep orange ; leaflets 1-2 pair . . 6. R. bifiorus. 



1. R. paniculatus, Sm. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 567 (not Roxb. or Schlech- 

 tendal). Syn. R. tiliaceus, Sm. (probably). Vern. Kola dkhi, Kangra. 

 Anchu, pattarola, kala liisalu, Kamaon, Garhwal. 



A shrub, armed with few, short, scattered prickles ; branchlets, inflor- 

 escence, and underside of leaves clothed with dense soft grey silky tomen- 

 tum. Leaves from a cordate, rarely entire rounded base, broad-ovate, 

 acuminate, longer than broad, serrate, more or less lobed with 3 or 5 pro- 

 minent basal nerves. Stipules and bracts linear or oblong, often cleft at 

 the top, or half-way down, into linear segments. Flowers on long slender 

 pedicels, in lax, spreading terminal panicles. Calyx-segments ovate-Ian- 





