Pi/rus.] XXXII. ROSACEA. 205 



glabrescent, not verrucose fruit, from the Punjab, is figured on tab. 8 of the 

 same work as P. Jacquemontiana. 



3. P. Malus, Linn.; Hook. Stud. Fl. 125. Syn. Mains communis, Desf.; 

 Boissier Fl. Orient, ii. 656. The Apple-tree. Vern. Shewa, Afg. ; Shu, 

 sho, cho, (amrv)sun, seo, chunt, khajir, bisir, pain, Pb., Himalaya ; 

 Kushu, Ladak ; Seo, seb, North India. 



A moderate-sized tree, rarely exceeding 30 ft. ; extremities, underside 

 of leaves, and inflorescence clothed with white silky tomentum, rarely 

 glabrous. Leaves ovate, acuminate, obtusely serrate j petiole about half the 

 length of leaf or shorter. Flowers white, tinged with red, in umbelliform 

 corymbs, at the end of short lateral leaf-bearing branchlets. Stamens 

 about 20. Styles 5, connate. Fruit umbilicate at base, globose, more or 

 less depressed, crowned with the remains of the calyx. 



Indigenous in Greece, Macedonia, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, and Persia. 

 Common in woods and hedges, and believed to be wild in England, Ireland, and 

 the greater part of Central and South Europe. Apparently wild in the North- 

 West Himalaya, between 5000 and 9000 ft. Cultivated on account of its fruit 

 throughout Europe, temperate Asia and North America, and the Himalaya, 

 ascending to 9000, in Ladak to 11,400 ft. The apple-tree is grown in gardens 

 in Sindh, the plains of the Panjab, the Dekkan, Tlrhut, and Chota Nagpur, and 

 in many places produces good fruit. In Lower Bengal it blossoms, but does not 

 set fruit. Fl. March-May ; fr. July-Sept. The wood is used for ordinary pur- 



The cultivation of the apple and pear in Greece and Italy is very old, and 

 there seems no doubt that both trees are indigenous in South and Central 

 Europe. 



4. P. baccata, Linn. ; Koch Dendrologie, i. 210. The Siberian Crab. 

 Vern. Baror, liu, ihijo, liwar, Pb. Him.; Ban mehal, gicalam, N.W.P., 

 Him. 



A small, nearly glabrous tree, with short trunk and a rounded crown of 

 dark-green foliage. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, sharply serrate ; petiole 

 longer than half the leaf. Flowers white, in umbelliform corymbs, on 

 long, slender peduncles, at the end of short leaf-bearing branchlets. Calyx- 

 tube glabrous or slightly pubescent outside, urceolate, limb spreading, 

 with lanceolate deciduous lobes, as long as calyx-tube or longer, white 

 cottony inside. Petals with dark veins. Styles 3-5, nearly free, woolly 

 at the base. Fruit red or scarlet, small, globose, umbilicate ; peduncles 

 2-4 times the length of the fruit. 



Himalaya, not uncommon, from near the Indus to Kamaon, generally between 

 6000 and 10,000 ft., in Piti to 11,000 ft. Cultivated occasionally on the 

 Chenab. Outside India in Japan and Siberia. Fl. spring ; fr. Aug.-Nov. 

 Hardy in England. Bark greyish brown, thick, tough, traversed by deep 

 cracks, not unlike the bark of some coniferous trees. The fruit is small and 

 sour, but palatable, with a true apple flavour, and is much prized by the hill 

 people. Wood brownish white, even, compact, fairly hard. 



5. P. Cydonia, Linn. Syn. Cydonia vulgaris, Pers. Boissier Fl. 

 Orient, ii. 656. Quince. Vern. Bihi, North India ; Bamtsunt, bum^utu, 

 Kashmir. 



