Pyrus.] XXXII. ROSACEA. 207 



corymbs, terminal, and from the axils of the uppermost leaves, with long 

 linear, rusty-pilose bracts. Calyx cup-shaped, glabrous, cleft half-way 

 into acute, triangular segments. Petals rusty-villous when young. Ovary 

 hairy ; styles 2-5, thick. Fruit ovoid, globose or turbinate, \ in. diam. 

 or less, crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes, bluish when ripe. (A 

 variety with white fruit recorded from Kamaon and Lahoul.) 



Himalaya not uncommon, between 6000 and 11,000, at times 12,000 ft., from 

 Indus to Sikkim. Fl. June, July. Attains 20 ft., in habit most like the moun- 

 tain-ash. 



P. Aiicuparia, Gaertn., the Mountain-ash of Europe and North Asia, with 6-8 

 pair of leaflets, and scarlet fruit ; and P. Sorbus, Gsertn., the Service-tree, of 

 South Europe and Western Asia, with glabrous, glutinous buds, and larger 

 pyriform fruit,' are nearly related to this species. P. foliolosa, Wall. PI. As. 

 rar. t. 189, also belongs to the same sub-genus Sorbus; it is a shrub with 

 elongated almost twining branches, branchlets and petioles woolly, leaflets 

 entire, only serrated at the apex, and small red fruit. Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, 

 8000-9000 ft. elevation. Fl. May. 



6. CRAT-EGUS, Linn. 



Shrubs or small trees, often spiny, with simple, lobed or pinnatifid 

 leaves and deciduous stipules. Flowers white or red, in terminal corym- 

 bose cymes, with caducous bracts. Calyx-tube urceolate or campanulate, 

 mouth contracted ; lobes 5. Petals 5, inserted at the mouth of the calyx. 

 Stamens many. Carpels 1-5, adnate below to the calyx-tube ; styles 1-5, 

 stigma truncate, ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid or globose, with a 

 bony 1-5-celled stone, or with 5 bony 1- rarely 2-seeded stones. 



Leaves deeply pinnatifid . . . 1. C. Oxyacantha. 



Leaves oblong, crenate . . . . . 2. C. Pyracantha. 



1. C. Oxyacantha,* Linn. ; Hook. Stud. Fl. 127. Hawthorn, white- 

 thorn. Yern. Ring, ringo, ramnia, ping y at, phinddk, patdkhan, Pb. ; 

 Ban-sanjli, sur sinjli, Jhelam. 



A small tree, branchlets spinescent, leaves pinnatifid, segments 2-3 

 pair, oblong, lobed or dentate, petiole half the length of leaf or less. 

 Stipules large, leafy, falcate or semicordate. Cymes corymbose, many- 

 flowered. Flowers white, carpels 1-2. Pedicels, calyx-tube, and segment's, 

 as well as the young fruit, with long thin, soft white hairs. Fruit ovoid 

 or subglobose, glabrous, red, rarely yellow when ripe, with a hard bony 

 1-2-celled nut. 



North- West Himalaya from Indus to Ravi, between 5500 and 9300 ft. ; also 

 in Afghanistan, Western Asia, Siberia, and Europe. Cultivated in Afghanistan 

 (Baber's tomb, Kabul ; Mahomed's tomb, Ghazni), and near villages in the 

 North- West Himalaya. Fl. June, July ; fr. Sept. -Oct. Attains 25-30 ft., with 

 a rounded moderate-sized head. Trunk short, erect, 3-4 ft. girth, dark ash- 

 coloured, rough, wood close-grained. Cultivated on account of its flowers and 

 the edible fruit, which is much better than that of the European hawthorn. 



By many botanists the European hawthorn is commonly divided into 2 species 

 (sub-sp. Hooker 1. cl) 1 . C. monogyna, Jacq., with 1 carpel and style, 1 nut, lan- 



* I write Oxyacantha and Pyracantha, because Linnaeus (sp. plant 683, 685) treated 

 these words as substantives. 



