222 XXXVI. COMBRETACE.E. [Terminalia. 



3. TERMINALIA, Linn. 



Trees or large shrubs with alternate or subopposite leaves, generally 

 petiolate and entire. Flowers sessile, small, greenish or white, generally 

 in long spikes, bisexual or polygamous. Calyx-tube ovoid or cylindrical, 

 constricted above the ovary ; limb campanulate or cylindrical, 5-toothed, 

 deciduous. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, in 2 rows; anthers small, 

 versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled. Ovules 2, 

 rarely 3, pendulous from the top of the cell. Fruit 1 -seeded, the seed 

 included in a coriaceous or osseous kernel ; testa membranous ; cotyledons 

 convolute. 



Fruit fleshy, ovoid, without wings. 



Leaves approximate near ends of branches ; petiole longer 

 than blade of leaf. Spikes axillary, and below the 

 leaves ; bracts small, caducous 1. T. bellerica. 



Leaves distant, often subopposite ; petioles shorter than 

 blade of leaf. Spikes terminal and axillary, often panicu- 

 late, bracts lanceolate or subulate 2. T. Chebula. 



Fruit coriaceous, with 3-7 longitudinal wings. 



All leaves subopposite ; fruit large, with 5-7 thick narrow 



wings 3. T. Arjuna. 



Upper leaves often alternate ; fruit large, with 5 thin broad 



wings . . 4. T. tomentosa. 



Upper leaves always alternate ; fruit small, in large panicles, 



with 1 very large and 2 small wings . . . . 5. T. paniculata. 



1. T. bellerica, Eoxb. Cor. PI. 1. 198; Fl. Ind. ii. 431; W. & A. Prodr. 

 313 ; Wight 111. t. 91 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 19. Sans. Tusha, baheruka. 

 Vern. Bahera, bhaira, Hind. ; Bdlra, balda, Dekkan ; Behedo, Mandevi ; 

 Tahaka marra, Gonds, C.P. ; Manjit (the bearing tree), C.P. (R. Th.) ; 

 Tissein, Burm. 



A large tree, with slight soft rust-coloured pubescence on young branch- 

 lets and calyx. Leaves approximate at the ends of branchlets, glabrous, 

 slightly pubescent when quite young, coriaceous, pale beneath, broad- 

 elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 3-8 in. long, base often unequal, apex obtuse, 

 retuse, or short-acuminate, main lateral nerves arcuate, prominent, 5-8 on 

 either side of midrib. Petiole longer than J- length of leaf. Flowers 

 sessile, dirty grey or greenish yellow, with a strong offensive smell. 

 Spikes slender, interrupted, 3-6 in. long, on this year's shoots in the axils 

 of leaves or below the leaves, male and bisexual flowers mixed. Bracts 

 linear, very early caducous. Free part of calyx cup-shaped, cleft half-way 

 into 5 acute triangular segments, woolly inside, with long brown hairs. 

 Filaments inserted below the calyx-segments and twice their length. 

 Fruit ovoid, grey, velvety, with 5 more or less indistinct furrows f to 1 

 in. long ; nut thick and hard. Roxburgh describes the petiole with 2 

 " opposite glands on the upper side of the apex, and sometimes near the 

 base." I do not find any distinct glands on the specimens before me, 

 and do not recollect having seen them in India. 



Common in the plains and lower hills throughout India and Burma, but not 

 found indigenous in the arid region which comprises Sindh, Western Rajputana, 

 and the Southern Panjab. Along the foot of the Himalaya and in the outer 



