234 XXXVII. MYltTACE^E. [Eugenia. 



culent, smooth when ripe. Exceedingly variable in the shape of its leaves, 

 the size of the fruit, and also in other respects. In Wight's Icones the 

 following are figured as forms of the same species : E. Jambolana, t. 535, 

 with large loose spreading panicles and oblong 5-seeded fruit ; E. caryo- 

 phyllcefolia, Lam. t. 553 ; Roxb. 1. c. 486, with ovate -lanceolate, long- 

 acuminate leaves and globose fruit; E. obtusifolia, Roxb. 1. c. 485, t. 

 620, with obtuse leaves and oblong 1-seeded fruit. 



Common throughout India, excepting the arid region of Sindh, and the 

 southern Panjab. In the sub-Himalayan tract and outer hills extends west 

 nearly to the Indus, and ascends to 3000 ft. (Panjab), 5000 ft. (Kamaon). 

 Generally in moist places near rivers and water-courses, but also on high ground, 

 and often associated with Sal. Commonly cultivated in India, also in other 

 tropical and sub-tropical countries. In Queensland, New South Wales, and the 

 Indian Archipelago, indigenous or cultivated. Fl. March, April ; the fruit 

 ripens in June, July. The leaves are renewed in March, the flush of the young 

 leaves coining out with a bright copper-colour. (In the Panjab the tree is not 

 evergreen, the old leaves are shed in January and the new foliage comes out 

 from March to May. J. L. S.) 



Attains 70-80, at times 90 ft. ; trunk not tall, and not very straight, but often 

 20 ft. clear to first branch ; girth 6-8, at times 12-15 ft. Branches spreading 

 and ascending, with drooping branchlets, forming a close shady crown a great 

 relief in the hot months in the otherwise leafless forest. Foliage dark green ; 

 leaves shining, aromatic. Bark 1-1^ in. thick, corky, light or dark grey. Inner 

 bark pale reddish-brown, compact, fibrous. Heartwood reddish-brown, tough 

 and hard. Weight 43-48 lb. per cub. ft. when seasoned, 63 when green. Value 

 of P. 600 (Skinner). Annual layers visible. Warps in seasoning, but is fairly 

 durable. Used much for building, agricultural implements, for well-curbs, and 

 well-steps, where it is considered almost indestructible. Boats and canoes are 

 made of it. The bark is used for dyeing and tanning. The fruit is much 

 eaten by natives : in appearance it resembles a damson, has a harsh but sweetish 

 flavour, somewhat astringent and acid. Is much eaten by birds ; a favourite 

 food of the large bat (flying fox). A kind of vinegar is prepared from it, which 

 is used in diseases of the spleen. Grows quickly at first, but slowly afterwards. 

 Young plants suffer from frost in the Panjab plains. 



Nearly allied to E. Jambolana, is E. salicifolia, Wight Ic. t. 539, Syzygium 

 salicifolium, Graham Cat. Bomb. PL p. 73, Dalz. Bomb. Fl. p. 94, with narrow 

 lanceolate leaves, and small white flowers in lax panicles from the old wood 

 below the leaves ; a shrub or tree, common gregariously on the banks of the 

 Koina river, and in other valleys of the Sattara Ghats, identified by Beddome, 

 FL Sylv. p. 109, with a narrow-leaved Eugenia growing in the bed of the Ner- 

 budda river, near Jubbulpur. 



3. E. operculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 486 ; Wight Ic. t. 552. Syn. 

 Syzygium nervosum, DC. P. iii. 260. Eugenia nervosa, DC. ; Bedd. Fl. 

 Sylv. Manual, p. 106 (but not E. nervosa, DC. P. iii. 284, which is a 

 different tree from Cochin-Chin a). E. cerasoides, Roxb., and E. Paniala, 

 Roxb. 1. c. 488, 489, probably refer to the same tree. Yern. Raijaman, 

 jamawa, paiman, N.W.P. ; Jaman, dugdugia, Oudh. 



A middle-sized tree, wholly glabrous. Leaves subcoriaceous, broad- 

 ovate or elliptical, 3-8 in. long, 2-4 in. broad, obtuse or shortly acumin- 

 ate, narrowed into petiole, f-1 in. long, with 8-12 pairs of main lateral slightly 



