252 XLIII. CORNACE.E. [Market. 



Siwalik tract and outer Himalayan ranges, ascending to 6000 ft., from near 

 the Indus, to Bhutan, in Sikkim to 9000 ft. Kasia hills, Silhet, and Chittagong. 

 Dense shady forests, sparse in the North- West Himalaya. Fl. March-May; fr. 

 July-Oct. A handsome tree, never growing to any great height. Bark smooth, 

 cinereous. Foliage resembles that of some Maples. In Silhet it is called Mar- 

 lea or Marliza, and the wood is employed for building. The leaves are col- 

 lected for sheep-fodder in the North- West Himalaya. 



3. CORNUS, Linn. 



Trees, shrubs, rarely herbs, with opposite, rarely alternate leaves. 

 Flowers bisexual, white or yellow, in heads or dichotomous cymes. Calyx- 

 teeth 4, minute. Petals 4, oblong or ovate, valvate in bud. Stamens 4, 

 alternating with petals, filaments subulate or filiform, anthers oblong. 

 Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-celled, one ovule in each cell. Fruit drupaceous, 

 with a 2-celled, 2-seeded, hard, crustaceous or osseous putamen. Seeds 

 oblong, compressed ; testa membranous, albumen fleshy, cotyledons folia- 

 ceous, radicle sessile. 



Flowers in compound cymes. 

 Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, penniveined, main lateral 



nerves 5-8 pair . . . . 1. C. macrophylla. 



Leaves oblong, penniveined, main lateral nerves 3-5 pair . 2. C. oblonga. 

 Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2-3 pair of lateral nerves, 



sub-basal . . . . . 3. C. sanguined. 



Flowers in globose, bracteate heads, drupes confluent . 4. C. capitata. 



1. C. macrophylla, Wall. Tab. XXXII Eoxb. Fl. Ind., ed. Carey, 

 i. 433. Vern. Kaslr, haclilr, hdleo, allian, harru, haddu, nang, Jcandara, 

 Eavi to Jhelam ; Kaksh, kachur, hochan, Sutl. and Bias ; Kagsha, 

 rucJda, N.W.P. 



A middle-sized tree, with opposite broad-ovate, acuminate leaves, pale 

 glaucous beneath, 4-6 in. long, base rounded, sometimes slightly cordate, 

 not narrowed into petiole ; when young with short distant adpressed 

 hairs, generally attached in the middle ; main lateral nerves arcuate, 5-8 

 on either side of midrib, joined by prominent transverse and intramar- 

 ginal veins ; petiole |-1 in. long. Flowers in ample, terminal compound 

 cymes, 2-4 in. across, on peduncles, bearing 2 or 3 pair of opposite, or 

 nearly opposite branches, dividing dichotomously ; the flowers at the ends 

 of branchlets in short unilateral racemes. Cyme longer than the naked 

 portion of peduncle. Flowers before opening ^ in. long, twice or three 

 times the length of pedicels. Calyx, outside of petals, and pedicels 

 strigose with white adpressed hairs ; disc thick. Drupe globose, less than 

 |- in. long, crowned with the remains of calyx and disc. 



Frequent in many parts of the Himalaya, from near the Indus to Nepal, 

 between 3000 and 8000 ft. Fl. May, June. Generally scattered, though some- 

 times in considerable numbers, in shady mixed forests, a handsome tree 40-50 

 ft. high, and attaining a girth of 5-6, at times 8 ft. Crown rounded, close, 

 shady. Bark brownish, smooth, with longitudinal wrinkles. Wood light-red- 

 dish, compact, and even-grained, noted as yielding excellent charcoal for gun- 

 powder, 8-9 rings per in. rad. The fruit is eaten, and the leaves furnish fodder 

 for goats. 



