Stephegyne.] XLV. RUBIACE^E. 263 



marked with cicatrices, from which issues a whitish, afterwards rufescent gum. 

 Wood grey to light-reddish brown, compact, close- and fine-grained, hard ; 

 weight 35-47 lb. per cub. ft. seasoned, 54 lb. green ; value of P. 683 (Skinner), 

 586 (mean of 2 exp. by Cunningham). Durable, if not exposed to wet. No 

 distinct heartwood. Medullary rays very numerous, very fine. Easily worked, 

 and polishes well. Used for building, furniture, agricultural implements, combs, 

 and to a large extent for turned and carved articles, platters, cups, spoons. The 

 leaves are used for fodder. 



To the same genus belongs Stephegyne (JVauclea) diversifolia of Burma (Bin- 

 gah, Burm.) 



3. ADINA, Salisbury. 



Trees with opposite, petiolate leaves, and large interpetiolar caducous 

 stipules. Flower-heads compact, globose, solitary or paniculate, with or 

 without bracts, receptacle pilose. Flowers surrounded by paleaceous 

 bracteoles. Calyx-tubes prismatic, limb 5-lobed. Corolla-tube elongate, 

 funnel-shaped, glabrous inside, lobes 5, obtuse, valvate. Stamens 5, in- 

 serted in the mouth of the corolla- tube ; anthers short, oblong, on short 

 filaments, exserted. Ovary 2-celled ; style filiform, exserted, stigma clavate 

 or capitate, the placentae pendulous, with numerous, imbricate ovules. 

 Fruit dry, globose, of numerous distinct 2-valved capsules, dehiscent 

 septicidally, sometimes separating from a persistent axis. Seeds oblong, 

 winged at both ends, albumen copious, cotyledons plane, radicle terete 

 superior. 



1. A. cordifolia, Hf. & Benth. Tab. XXXIII Syn. Naudea cor- 

 difolia, Eoxb. Cor. PL t. 53; Fl. Ind. i. 514; W. & A. Prodr. 391; 

 Bedd. FL Sylv. t. 33. Vera. Haldu, hardu. Local n. Tilckoe, Baraich 

 and Gonda (Oudh) ; Hardu marrah, Gonds, Satp. range ; Haldwa, uldu, 

 Banswara ; Hedu, heddi, Konkan ; Hnawben, Burm. 



A large tree, branchlets, leaves, petioles pubescent. Leaves cordate, 

 short-acuminate, 4-9 in. long, nearly as broad as long, with 5-7 pair of 

 prominent main lateral nerves, the 2 lowest pair from the base ; petioles 

 half the length of leaf or longer. Peduncles axillary, as long as petioles, 

 each bearing 1, rarely 2, globose yellow flower-heads, 1 in. diam. to tips 

 of styles, which are long -exserted, with capitate stigmas. Eeceptacle 

 pilose, with short, linear bracteoles. Corolla-tube pubescent outside. 

 Fruit-head consisting of numerous distinct dry, pilose, clavate capsules ; 

 axis of capsule persistent, flat, membranous, linear, 1 -nerved. 



A common tree throughout the moister regions of India, extending in the 

 sub-Himalayan tract to the Jumna, and ascending to 3000 ft. Not gregarious, 

 and seedlings not numerous. The old leaves shed April- May, the tree is then 

 leafless for a short time, until the new foliage comes out in May and June. Fl. 

 June, July, often later ; seeds ripen Dec-March. Young leaves often eaten by 

 the larva of a moth, in such vast numbers as to strip the tree of all foliage, 

 which in that case is usually renewed during the rainy season. 



Attains 80 ft. in North and Central India, but grows much taller in Burma and 

 on the west side of India. Trunk straight, tall, often with large buttresses near 

 the base, girth of 10-18 ft. not uncommon in the Kamaon Bhabar, many large 

 spreading and ascending boughs, forming a broad rounded crown. Foliage light 



