270 XLV. RUBIACE^E. [Gardenia. 



fruit oblong ; leaves cuneate-oblong, sessile, with broad, 



often cordate base 2. G. gummifera. 



Limb of calyx with 5 long, subulate divisions ; fruit ovoid ; 



leaves elliptic-oblong, narrowed into short petiole . 3. G. lucida. 



Unarmed ; flowers 9-merous ; limb of calyx tubular, deeply cleft 

 into 9 lanceolate hirsute segments ; fruit nearly globose, 

 leaves obovate, narrowed into short petiole . . . 4. G. latifolia. 



1. G. turgida, Roxb.Fl. Ind. i. 711 ; Wight Ic. t. 579. Vern. Thanella, 

 N.W.P. ; Klturrur, khuriari, Oudh, Singrowlee, Mirzapur, Mundla, Sioni, 

 Chindwara ; Ghurgd, Oudh j Pendra, Phendra marra, Gonds, C.P. 



A small tree. Branches with thick soft, mealy, grey, rarely light rust- 

 coloured bark, armed with strong axillary, often leaf- bearing spines 

 Leaves greyish green, soft - tomentose beneath, pubescent above, rarely 

 (specimens from South India) nearly glabrous, obovate, obtuse or short- 

 acuminate, sessile, with a long tapering base, and 4-6 pair of main lateral 

 arcuate nerves. Stipules interpetiolar, distinct, triangular. Flowers 1-4 

 axillary or at the end of short leafless lateral branchlets. Calyx short, 

 campanulate, limb truncate with 5 short subulate teeth. Corolla white, 

 fragrant, tube 3 times the length of calyx, limb with 5 oblong divisions, 

 longer than tube. Fruit ovoid or turbinate, grey, rough, 2-3 in. long, 

 with 9 obtuse longitudinal ridges at the base, crowned with the scar of 

 calyx j shell of nut hard, bony, 5-valved. 



Sub-Himalayan tract from the Kali to the Jumna, ascending to 4000 ft. 

 Aravalli hills near Todgarh (Karumba), Banswara {Gangali). Common in the 

 Oudh forests, Behar. South India (the glabrous form, and limb of calyx more 

 distinctly lobed). Old leaves shed in March, young foliage in May; fi. generally 

 March and April. Barely 15 ft. high, with a short erect trunk, 2^ ft. girth, bark 

 \ in. thick, spongy, white or rusty farinaceous. Wood dirty white, with darker 

 streaks, close-grained, hard, 56^ lb. per cub. ft. (R. T.) Splits and cracks in 

 seasoning. Fruit not eaten, but used medicinally (in Kamaon). 



2. G. gummifera, Linn. ; Wight Ic. t. 576 ; Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 708, 

 709 (G. arborea); W. & A. Prodr. 395. Yern. Dekdmdli, kamarri, kar- 

 marri, C.P. 



A large shrub, rarely a small tree, nearly glabrous, unarmed, leaves pu- 

 bescent when young, rough when old, buds resinous. Leaves sessile, 

 often with cordate base, cuneate-oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-3 in. long, 

 with 12-16 pair main lateral nerves, stipules sheathing. Flowers ter- 

 minal, 1-3 together, almost sessile. Calyx pubescent and scabrous, limb 

 short, with 5-6 ovate, or triangular divisions. Corolla large, white, yellow 

 in the evening, fragrant, tube 1J-2 in. long, limb spreading, segments 

 narrow, oblong, half the length of tube, almost glabrous. Stigma clavate, 

 entire, striated. Fruit oblong, with numerous longitudinal, elevated 

 lines, 1-1 J in. long, crowned with persistent calyx. Nut with a thin 

 crustaceous shell, nearly 4- or 5 -celled. 



Ceylon, South India, and Satpura range, C.P. Bare of leaves until the end 

 of the hot weather ; fi. March, April, before the new leaves come out. Branch- 

 lets rough, reddish. Wood white and hard; the fruit is eaten. From wounds 

 in the bark exudes a beautiful yellow gum-resin, which is collected and sold 

 with the gum of G. lucida. 



