Cufea.] XLV. RUBIACE^E. 277 



Doon it grows freely, and produces fruit abundantly, but requires to be pro- 

 tected against frost while young. It is remarkable that coffee and tea contain 

 the same substance, an alkaloid (Coffeine or Theine), to which (partly at least) 

 the effect upon the nervous system of coffee and tea must be attributed. Tea 

 contains between 1 and 3^ % f tn ^ s substance, and coffee between \ and 1 / o . 

 Coffeine is also found in the Mate" or Paraguay tea, Ilex paraguayensis, in the 

 Rola, Korra, or Gorra nuts, the seeds of a sterculiaceous tree, Cola acumin- 

 ata, R. Br. ; Bot. Mag. t. 5699, of tropical Africa, cultivated in Brazil and the 

 West Indies, which form an important article of trade, and are chewed by the 

 negroes of West Africa and the West Indies as a condiment. It is also con- 

 tained in the seeds of a sapindaceous tree (Paullinia sorbilis, Mart.) in Brazil, 

 which are powdered and made into a paste, called guarana bread ; used to make 

 a refreshing drink. 



Coffea bengalensis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 540 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4917 ; Kath-jahi, 

 Kamaon ; is a small shrub with large snow-white flowers, solitary or in pairs, 

 and ovate, long-acuminate leaves. Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, and the outer hills 

 of Kamaon. Fl. Feb.-March. 



13. MORINDA, Linn. 



Shrubs or trees, leaves opposite, rarely in whorls of three, generally 

 membranous. Stipules interpetiolar, or connate into a sheath. Flowers 

 white, sessile on a globose receptacle, forming globose or ovoid flower- 

 heads, with the calyx-tubes often connate. Calyx-limb truncate or ob- 

 scurely dentate, persistent. Corolla funnel-shaped, or hypocrateriform ; 

 lobes coriaceous, 5, rarely 4 or 6-7, valvate in bud. Stamens inserted in 

 the mouth of corolla ; filaments short, anthers attached by the middle of 

 the back. Ovary 4-celled, 1 ovule in each cell, attached to the dissepi- 

 ment below the middle (normally 2-celled, but the 2 cells are converted 

 into 4 by the introverted carpellary leaves being so produced laterally, as 

 to reach the walls of the ovary Thwaites) ; style with 2 stigmatic lobes, 

 rarely entire. Drupes of each flower-head distinct or united in a com- 

 pound succulent berry, including a number of hard 1-seeded pyrenes, 

 usually 2-4 proceeding from each flower. 



1. M. exserta, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 545 ; W. & A. Prodr. 419. Sans. 

 Achyuta. Vern. Al, Ach, ack. Local. Alleri, Alladi, Panch Mehals ; 

 Ainshi, North Konkan. 



A moderate-sized tree, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite, narrowed 

 into short marginate petioles, ovate or elliptic-oblong, 4-5 in. long, main 

 lateral nerves 8-10 pair. Stipules triangular or ovate. Peduncles mostly 

 solitary, leaf opposed by the abortion of the axillary leaf, 1 in. long or 

 longer. Corolla-tube f in. long. Stamens exserted. Style bifid. Drupes 

 concrete into a fleshy syncarpium, irregularly ovoid or globose, f-lj in. 

 long. 



Indigenous in many parts of India, in Bengal, Burma, the Peninsula, the 

 Panch Mehals. A fast-growing tree 30-40 ft. high, with a deeply-cracked spongy 

 bark of greyish yellow colour. Fl. March-June. Blossoms and bears seed at 

 a very early age. Wood bright yellow, darkening into yellowish brown; made 

 into plates and dishes. The bark of the root is used for dyeing red and yellow. 

 Skinner gives the weight of the wood of M. citrifolia at 30 lb. What he enters 

 under M. exserta from Burma is a Randia, possibly R. uliginosa. 



