370 LX. VERBENACEiE. [Vitex. 



Flowers small, bluish purple, in opposite lateral cymes, forming an elon- 

 gated terminal thyrsus, often compound at the base. Calyx-teeth trian- 

 gular. Corolla J-J in. long. 



Common nearly everywhere in the plains and lower hills of India, westward 

 to Peshawar and Sindh. Ascends to 5000 ft. in the North-West Himalaya. 

 China. Fl. March- May. The branches are used for wattle-work. 



V. trifolia, Linn. ; Koxb. 1. c. 69, is very closely allied, but is supposed to 

 differ by shorter calyx-teeth, leaves often unifoliate, white-mealy beneath, leaf- 

 lets short - petiolate, generally sessile, always entire. Bengal, South India, 

 Burma, Indian Archipelago, Australia. 



V. Agnus-castus, Linn., of South Europe and Western Asia, to Afghanistan, 

 has flowers nearly \ in. long. 



V. altissima, Linn. ; Roxb. 1. c. 71 ; Wight Ic. 1. 1466 ; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 252. 

 Vern. Nauladi mara, Can. ; with 3- rarely 5-foliolate leaves, broadly winged 

 petioles (on young shoots), the flowers in a terminal thyrsus, is an important 

 timber-tree with strong wood in South India and Ceylon. 



V. Leucoxylon, Linn. fil. ; Roxb. 1. c. 74 ; Wight Ic. t. 1467 ; with lax axil- 

 lary cymes, 5-foliolate coriaceous leaves and unwinged petioles, is a large tim- 

 ber-tree in Burma, also found in South India and Ceylon. 



8. CARYOPTERIS, Bunge. 



1. C. Wallichiana, Schauer in DC. Prodr. xi. 625. Syn. Qlerodendron 

 odoratum, D. Don. Vern. Moni, Kamaon. 



A shrub with 4-sided glabrous branches j extremities and young leaves 

 pubescent. Leaves opposite, lanceolate or ovate -lanceolate, acuminate, 

 serrate; blade 2-4 in., petiole J in. long. Flowers sweet-scented, in 

 short axillary dichotomous bracteate axillary cymes, opposite or in whorls 

 of 4-6. Calyx parted into 5 lanceolate segments with distinct middle 

 nerves. Corolla-tube twice the length of calyx; limb bilabiate, upper 

 lip 2 - fid, lower 3 - fid. Stamens 4, didynamous. Ovary 2 - celled. Cap- 

 sule dry, surrounded by the somewhat enlarged calyx, separating when 

 ripe into 4 valves, each with a 1 -seeded kernel attached to the inside of 

 the valve, so that the kernels appear to have a narrow winged edge. 



Outer Himalaya, from the Indus to Bhutan, ascending to 3000 ft. Salt 

 range. Oudh forests in ravines. Fl. April ; the seed ripens soon after flower- 

 ing. 



9. HOLMSKIOLDIA, Retz. 



1. H. sanguinea, Retz.; Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 140. Syn. Hastingia 

 coccinea, Koenig; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. Q5. Vern. Kul tolia, Kamaon. 



A large woody climber with showy flowers. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 

 ovate, crenate. Calyx membranous, scarlet tinged with orange, tube 

 short, limb large, circular, 1 in. diameter, entire. Corolla tubular, curved. 

 Stamens exserted. 





Outer Himalaya. Sutlej to Assam, ascending to 3000 ft. Fl. Oct.-Dec. 





