398 LXV. LORANTHACE;. [Loranthus. 



leaves and pubescent ovary and pedicels from Western India, perhaps a 

 distinct species. (Belgaum Vern. Kokam phul ka handa, on Flacourtia, 

 Chloroxylon, and Garcinia.) 



The most common of the Indian species of Loranthus. In the Siwalik tract 

 and outer Himalaya it extends west to the Jhelam, ascending to 3000 and at 

 times to 6000 ft. in the Panjab, and to 7500 ft. in Kamaon. Common in Oudh, 

 Bengal, Central and South India, Ceylon, and Burma ; also in North Australia, 

 Queensland, and New South Wales. Grows on most trees, in North India 

 chiefly on Melia, Bauhinia, Albizzia procera, Acacia modesta, the Peach and 

 Pear trees, on Rottlera tinctoria; in Oudh on Buchanania, Bassia, Diospyros ; 

 and in most parts of India it infests the Mango tree ; the branches on which it 

 grows swell, get disfigured, sickly, and eventually die. Fl. chiefly from Nov. 

 to June, but in places throughout the year. 



Order LXVI. SANTALACEiE. 



Shrubs, undershrubs, or trees, sometimes (Thesium) parasitic on the 

 roots of other plants. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, without stipules. 

 Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth epigynous, gamo- 

 phyllous ; limb 3-4-lobed ; lobes valvate or subvalvate in aestivation. Sta- 

 mens as many as, and opposite to perianth-lobes, epiphyllous. Ovary in- 

 ferior, 1 -celled, with a free central placenta, bearing 2-5 pendulous ovules. 

 Fruit a nut or drupe, 1-seeded ; seed albuminous, with a straight embryo, 

 radicle superior. Royle 111. 322. 



Flowers bisexual, in short axillary panicles ; stamens 4-5 ; small 



trees with opposite leaves . . . . . . .1. Santalum. 



Flowers male and bisexual ; stamens 3 ; male fl. in pedunculate 

 clusters, arranged in leafy racemes ; female fl. solitary ; shrubs 

 with alternate leaves 2. Osyris. 



1. SANTALUM, Linn. 



Trees or shrubs with opposite, rarely alternate leaves. Perianth cam- 

 panulate ; limb usually 4-lobed. Stamens opposite to the perianth-lobes. 

 Central placenta of the ovary filiform, ovuliferous near the base. Fruit a 

 drupe with a pitted or roughish putamen. 



1. S. album, Linn.; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 256; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 442; 

 Bot. Mag. t. 3235. Syn. S. myrtifolium, Wall. ; Sirium myrtifolium, 

 Koxb. Cor. PI. t. 2. Sandalwood. Sans. Chandana, Yern. Chandan, chan- 

 dal y sandal. (Gandha, Can.) 



A small evergreen, glabrous tree ; leaves opposite, ovate or ovate-lan- 

 ceolate ; blade about 2 in. long, narrowed into petiole J in. long. Flowers 

 deep brownish-purple or blood-red, inodorous, in axillary cymose panicles. 

 Perianth campanulate, limb of 4 valvate triangular segments. Stamens 

 exserted, adnate to the perianth-tube, and alternating with 4 rounded ob- 

 tuse scales. Style as long as perianth. Berry black, globose, 1-seeded. 

 (For development and fertilisation of the ovule, see Griffith on the 

 Ovulum of Sant. album in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 59.) 



