Morus.] LXVII. UKTICACEiE. 409 



spot will perhaps confirm this view ; the question is, whether the char- 

 acters here stated long-acuminated leaves, connate styles, and the shape 

 of perianth-segments are constant or not. 



Not uncommon wild in the sub-Himalayan tract and outer hills of the Panjab 

 and Kamaon, ascending to 5000 and occasionally to 7000 ft. Wild in the val- 

 leys of Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft. China, Japan. This is the Mulberry 

 which is generally cultivated as a low shrub in Bengal, Burma, and in places in 

 the peninsula for its leaves, which are used to feed the silkworm. Fl. Feb. ; fr. 

 May. Grows sometimes into a small tree, 20-25 ft. high, with 16-18 in. girth. 

 Bark grey. Wood hard and close-grained. 



3. M. laevigata, Wall. Syn. M. glabrata, Wall. Vern. Tut 



A middle-sized or large deciduous tree ; stipules and bud-scales with 

 long soft hairs, extremities and youngest leaves slightly pubescent. 

 Leaves glabrous, smooth or slightly rough, ovate, short-acuminate, some- 

 times lobed, base often cordate, blade 3-7 in., petiole about 1 in. long, 

 basal nerves 3, midrib penniveined with 4-6 pairs of main lateral nerves. 

 Flowers in long, drooping, short -pedunculate spikes, peduncles hairy. 

 Male fl. sessile, perianth-segments concave, very hairy outside, filaments 

 slightly dilated at base. Female fl. : perianth of 4 glabrous, rotundate, 

 concave segments; styles slightly connate at base, papillose, otherwise 

 nearly glabrous. 



Wild and cultivated in the Himalaya from the Indus to Assam, ascending (in 

 East Nepal) to 4000 ft. Burma (evergreen forests, Thoungyeen, D.B., March 

 1859). Cultivated (scarce) on the Soane in Behar. Fl. Nov.-March; fr. March- 

 May. The fruit is long, cylindrical, yellowish-white, sweet but insipid. 



4. M. serrata, Eoxb. 1. c. 596. Syn. M. pabularia, D ne . in Jacq. Voy. 

 Bot. t. 151. Vern. Krun, karun, tut, kdura, karru, tulukul, tulklu, sod, 

 an, slita, chlmu, kimu, Pb. ; Kimu, Jiimu, N.W.P. 



A large deciduous tree with scaly buds ; branchlets, petioles, and young 

 leaves soft-pubescent or tomentose. Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, often 

 lobed, edge deeply cut with large acute serratures, stipules broad-lanceolate, 

 blade 2-8 in., petiole 1-2 in. long. Flowers (dioicous, Madden) in short- 

 pedunculate cylindrical spikes, male spikes 1-2 in., female spikes J in. 

 long, peduncles soft-tomentose, with long hairs. Male fl. : perianth-seg- 

 ments elliptic-oblong, very hairy outside ; filaments tapering from a broad 

 flat 1 -nerved base. Female fl. : perianth-segments 2-4, commonly 3, equal, 

 ciliate, styles connate at base, very hairy. Fruit not very fleshy, mucila- 

 ginous, sweet, purple. 



Common wild locally, in many parts of the N.W. Himalaya, generally from 

 4000 to 9000 ft., descending in places to 2500 ft. Cultiv. up to Chergaon in 

 Kunawar. The young leaves come out in May ; fl. April, May ; fr. June-Aug. 

 Attains 60-70 ft., with an erect trunk of great girth, 9-10 ft. not uncommon. 

 Dr Stewart noted several of 20 ft., and one, a magnificent specimen, at the Hindu 

 temple, Barmaor on the Tvavi, in the Chamba State (elev. 7000 ft.), of 28 ft. 

 girth. Growth apparently slow, annual rings distinct. Bark pale greyish- 

 brown, with a reddish tinge, smooth or rough with irregular shallow vertical 



